The Most Turbulent Period in Modern America History Research Paper

The Most Turbulent Period in Modern America History - Research Paper Example In terms of racial inequality, no other time period has come to match the 1960’s in terms of turbulence and instability. This decade saw the uprising of African Americans who were fighting back against the widespread racism and inequality. These series of protestations came to be known as The Civil Rights Movement(Brunner, 2007). Although it began in prior decades, the movement grew in terms of size and effectiveness during this particular time period. Segregation was one of the forefront issues for those seeking equality. Segregation was the separation of African American and Caucasian peoples. This meant that the two races had separate schools, separate restaurants and bathrooms, even separate water fountains. The 1960’s featured the African Americans fighting back and demanding for segregation to be outlawed. Martin Luther King became an important figure and leader throughout this tumultuous time period and often spoke of the importance of peace in regard to the mult itude of riots which occurred as a result of these protests. The American government was compelled to react to the racial inequality as the voices of the African American people—and those who stood with them—grew louder. One such change took place in 1964 when the 24th Amendment was created which abolished the poll tax(Brunner, 2007). The poll tax was originally created in the mid to late 1800’s with the end of the Civil War and the beginning of Reconstruction. The poll tax made it so that people had to pay a specific tax in order to vote. This Jim Crow law made it virtually impossible for African Americans in the south to be able to vote as they often did not have the funds necessary to pay the tax. By abolishing the tax in 1964, one particular road block was removed for the African Americans who had been deterred from exercising their right to vote prior to this(Brunner, 2007). Another important change in terms of how America dealt with race relations also occurred in 1964 when President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. (Trueman, 2010) This important piece of legislature became one of the most significant events in American social policy. The basic premise of the Civil Rights Act prohibited discriminating against anyone based on race, color, religion, or creed(Brunner, 2007). Perhaps President Johnson was convinced to sign the legislature due to the fact that around the same time, the Freedom Summer occurred where both African Americans and Caucasians traveled down to the south in order to convince other African Americans to register for voting(Trueman, 2010). A great deal of violence, threats, and even murder occurred during this short time period which could have been a deciding factor for Johnson since the Civil Rights Act originally was conceived of four years earlier. It also made it possible for the government to end segregation(Brunner,2007). Schools slowly had to integrate African Americans into the student population and often times these instances were met with a great deal o f protest from racist Caucasians and media attention. Not only did America experience many important changes in racial equality, the country also began to experience an important shift in its culture. The cultural changes occurred because of the American youth in the 1960’s. Literature, music, and education were particularly impacted during this time period and reflected the evolving mindset of the decade. Some of the more influential books that were published included â€Å"

Romanticism and Transcendentalism Essay Example for Free

Romanticism and Transcendentalism Essay 1. After reviewing the Romanticism resource page, list three characteristics of Romanticism. Also, identify three authors of the Romantic period. * Three characteristics of Romanticism are appreciation of nature, idealism and nationalism. Three authors of the Romantic Era: Edgar Allan Poe, William Cullen Bryant and Lord Byron. 2. Using the Transcendentalism resource page, list three characteristics of Transcendentalism * Three characteristic of Transcendentalism are nature, intuition and the thought of God being a part of nature. 3. How did Transcendentalists feel about nature? What did Transcendentalists feel about the inherent nature of human beings (were humans inherently good or evil)? * Transcendentalists had much respect for nature and believed in the best and goodness of humans. 4. Describe two specific things Thoreau learned about life by translating the lines below in your own words: I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I wanted to live deeply and suck out all the marrow of life. (Walden) * Walden wanted to learn more about life in order to understand it completely by living it. I think Walden got to comprehend that some things aren’t necessary in order to live happy and in the right way. He realized that he didn’t really know what life was, until he was to experience things himself. 5. Which two great passive resistance leaders were influenced by the premise of Transcendentalism through the works of Thoreau and Emerson? *

Relationship Between Piggy And Ralph :: essays research papers

Growing relationship between Piggy and Ralph In order to complete this assignment one must look at too distinct characters. One is Piggy. Piggy represents the law and order of the adult world. He is the superego, the part of man’s personality, which attempts to act according to an absolute set of standards. Throughout the novel, Piggy attempts to condition the island society to mirror the society they all lived in when they were in England. Piggy’s continual references to his auntie demonstrate this philosophy. He tries to pull Ralph towards the reason-oriented side of human nature. The Other Character in the combination is Ralph. Ralph, a tall, blond, twelve-year-old boy, establishes himself as the leader of the boys when he blows the conch shell to call the first assembly. Throughout the story, he struggles to maintain order, forced to compete with Jack for respect. The relationship between Ralph in Piggy is somewhat complicated. Lord of the Flies a novel by William Golding begins with these two characters. One the first several pages the initial interaction between piggy and Ralph is described. At first Piggy is very eager to see that another boy beside himself has survived the plane crash. Piggy is very enthusiastic to introduce himself and get to know Ralph. In fact he is too enthused. This introduction partially alienates Piggy. However Ralph notices that Piggy is a competent individual and may be of value.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the book Ralph is mean to Piggy. This comes in part from his security with him. Ralph knows that he is Piggy’s only defense. Piggy is described as an outsider on page 21 when the narrator says â€Å"For a moment the boys were a closed circuit of sympathy with Piggy on the outside...† Ralph, nonetheless, does start relying on Piggy’s policies. One of these policies is building shelters so that they would be protected. Ralph also likes Piggy’s idea of using the conch shell to call meetings. Ralph and Piggy are also exposed to the dark side together this brings them closer. This is portrayed on page 152, â€Å"Piggy and Ralph, under the threat of the sky, found themselves eager to take a place in this demented but partly secure society. They were glad to touch the brown backs of the fence that hemmed in the terror and made it governable.

Enron :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Enron Executives at high-flying Enron Corp. (ENE ) never seemed overly concerned with how the rest of the world viewed their business practices. Earlier this year, the California Attorney General had to get a court order to collect documents in an industrywide investigation into energy price fixing. And when an analyst challenged former CEO Jeffrey K. Skilling in a conference call to produce Enron's balance sheet, Skilling called him an "ass----." Still, even some Enron executives worried that the company had gone too far with two complex partnerships set up in 1999 to buy company assets and hedge investments. With Enron's then-chief financial officer acting as general manager of the partnerships and in a position to personally benefit from their investments, the potential for a conflict of interest and backlash from investors seemed overwhelming. "Internally, everybody said this is not a good idea," says a source close to the company. But no one could have predicted such a jaw-dropping outcome for the nation's largest and most innovative energy trader. Since Oct. 16, when Enron revealed a $35 million charge to earnings to reflect losses on those partnerships and was forced to knock $1.2 billion off its shareholders' equity, the company's stock has plunged 60%. The Securities & Exchange Commission is investigating Enron's accounting for its partnerships and whether it properly disclosed them to investors. Suddenly the company, which brought high-tech and complex finance to energy trading, is essentially trying to avoid a run on the bank. Moody's Investors Service has already downgraded the company's debt. Enron says it is meeting with credit agencies to calm their fears, and analysts say Enron is working on a turnaround plan that would likely include accelerating asset sales, issuing shares, and obtaining new credit lines. Enron's board has set up a special committee to look into its controversial partnerships. But analysts also worry that Enron's trading partners could pull the plug if they lose confidence that it can honor its trades. "ON CRACK?" Inside Enron, once-cocky employees are reeling. They were still puzzling over the abrupt Aug. 14 departure of CEO Skilling when the company announced on Oct. 24 that CFO Andrew S. Fastow, architect of the controversial private LJM investments--which got their name from the first initials of his wife and children--was removed from his post and on leave. In a tense meeting held at a Houston hotel after the latest financial disclosures, soft-spoken Chairman and CEO Kenneth L.

Chopper Fed Dc Motor

INTRODUCTION During the nineteenth century, when power supply was dc, dc motors were used extensively to draw power direct from the dc source. The motor speed could be varied by adjusting field current by a rheostat. That was an open loop control. Most of the drives were constant speed and the characteristics could not be matched with a job requirement. A vast development in the dc drives system took place when the ward Leonard Control System was introduced in the 1980s. The system was motor-generator system to deliver power to the drive motor. The supply power available was still dc and dc motor was used to drive the dc generator set at a more or less constant speed. Afterwards when the ac power system came into existence and became popular, ac motors were developed and became attractive owing to their constructional simplicity, ruggedness and lower initial as well as maintenance cost. Machine requiring variable speed drives use the ward Leonard System employing ac motors driving dc motors at a constant speed. In the 1950s electronic came into existence and brought about remarkable improvement in the speed control system. The open- loop manual control system was replaced by close loop feedback control, which resulted in improved response and better accuracy. Initially, gas diodes and ignitrons were developed and ac to dc converters were used to control dc motors. The advent of thyristors capable of handling large current has revolutionized the field of electric power control. Thyratrons, ignitrons, mercury arc rectifiers, magnetic amplifiers and motor generator sets have all been replaced by solid state circuits employing semi-conductor diodes and thyristors. Thyristor controlled drives employing both ac and dc motors find wide applications in industry as variable speed drives. In the 1960s ac power was converted into dc power for direct control of drive motors with solid state devices (high power silicon diodes and silicon controlled rectifiers). Initially saturable reactors were employed in conjunction with power silicon rectifiers for dc drives. Of late solid state circuits using semi- conductor diodes and thyristors are becoming popular for controlling the speed of ac and dc otors and are progressively replacing the traditional electric power control circuit based on thyratrons, ignitrons, mercury arc rectifiers, magnetic amplifiers, motor-generator sets, etc as compared to the electric and electro-mechanical systems of speed control. The electronic system has higher accuracy, greater reliability, and quick response and also has higher efficiency as there is no I2R losses and moving parts. Moreover four-quadrant speed control is possi ble to meet precise high standards. All electronic circuits control the speed of the motor by controlling either, ? The voltage applied to the motor armature or ? The field current or ? Both of the above DC motors can be run from dc supply if available or from ac supply, after it has been converted to dc supply with the help of rectifiers which can be either half wave or full wave and either controlled ( by varying the conduction angle of the thyristors used) or uncontrolled. AC motors can be run on the ac supply or from dc supply, after it has been converted into ac supply with the help of inverters (opposite of rectifiers). As stated above, the average output voltage of a thyristors controlled rectifiers by changing its conduction angle and hence the armature voltage can be adjusted to control its speed. When run on a dc supply, the armature dc voltage can be changed with the help of uncontrolled rectifiers (using only diodes and not thyristors). The dc voltages so obtained can be then chopped with the help of a thyristors chopper circuit. In this method of speed control of a dc motor, available ac supply is first rectified into dc supply using uncontrolled rectifiers. The supply is then filtered and smooth ended dc output is supplied to the thyristors chopper. It allows dc to flow through for the time Ton and then disconnects for the time Toff. This cycle is repeated. During supply-on period (i. e. for the time period Ton) the dc motor gets supply and accelerates. During the supply off period Toff (i. e. for the time period Toff) there is no supply to the motor and the motor decelerates till the next on cycle begins. If the cycles repeated continuously at a definite frequency and the elements of the cycle are maintained in a fixed relationship, the motor will then operate at a constant voltage across the motor will be, V0 = (V*Ton)/(Ton +Toff) = (V*Ton)/T = f*V*Ton The dc voltage across the motor can be control by varying the Time Ratio Control (TRC) which may be accomplished by, ? Varying the duration of the on-time, Ton keeping the total time period, T or frequency, f constant ? Keeping the on- time, Ton constant and varying the frequency, f. ? Varying both. The Variable dc voltage below the supply dc voltage is made available to the dc motor and therefore, the motor speed available is below base speed. For automatic control of speed, both current feedback and speed feedback is used. BRIEF DISCUSSION ON CHOPPER A dc chopper is a static device used to obtain variable dc voltage from a source of constant dc voltage. The dc chopper offers great efficiency, faster response, smooth control, lower maintenance, small size, etc. Solid state chopper due to various advantages are widely used in the battery operated vehicles, traction motor control, control of a large number of dc motors from a common dc bus with a considerable improvement of power factor. PRINCIPLE OF CHOPPER OPERATION: A chopper is a thyristors on/ off switch that connects load to and disconnects it from the supply and produces a chopped load voltage from a constant input voltage. The chopper is represented by a thyristors (SCR). It is triggered periodically and is kept conducting for a period Ton and is blocked for a period Toff. During the period Ton, when the chopper is on, the supply terminals is connected to the load terminals. And during the interval Toff when the chopper is off, load current flows from the freewheeling diode Df. So, the load terminals are short circuited by Df and load voltage is therefore zero during Toff. Hence the chopper dc voltage is produced at the load terminals. Now, the average load voltage, Eo is given by Eo = Edc*? [? =Duty Cycle=(Ton/Toff)] Or, Eo = Edc*(Ton/T) [T=Ton + Toff] So the voltage can be varied by varying the duty cycle, ? of the chopper. CLASSIFICATION OF CHOPPER: Power semiconductor devices are used in chopper circuits are uni-directional device. A chopper can however operate in any of the four quadrants by an appropriate arrangement of semiconductor devices. These characteristics of their operation in any of the four quadrants form the basis of their classification as, 1. Type-A or First Quadrant Chopper 2. Type-B or Second Quadrant Chopper. 3. Type-C or Two Quadrant Type-A Chopper 4. Type-D or Two Quadrant or Type-B Chopper 5. Type-E or Four Quadrant Chopper. PERFORMANCE EQUATION OF DC MOTORS The equivalent circuit and on its basis the performance equation of a separately-excited dc Motor and series dc motor are presented below. ? Separately-excited dc motor: The equivalent circuit of a separately-excited dc motor coupled with a load under steady state condition is shown in the fig 4. 1. The load torque, TL opposes the electro-magnetic torque, Te. For the field circuit, Vf = If*rf For the armature circuit, Vt = Ia + Ia*ra Motor back emf or armature emf, Ea=Ka ? Ia=Km? m ————– (4. 1) Te=ka ? Ia = KmIa Also, Te = D wm + TL where, rf=Field circuit resistance in ohm, Ia=Armature current in A, Vt=Motor terminal voltage in V, ra=Armature circuit resistance in ohm, Km=Ka ?=Torque constant in Nm/A*emf constant in V-sec/rad, m=Angular speed of motor in rad/sec, D=Viscous friction constant in Nm-sec/rad. Electromagnetic power, P=wmTe watts From equation (1), Ea=Kmwm=Vt-Iara Or wm= (Vt – Iara)/Km= (Vt – Iara)/Ka ? ——————– (4. 1) So it is seen from equation (4. 2) that speed can be controlled by varying, ? Armature terminal voltage, Vt : This method is k nown as Armature-voltage control. Speed below base speed is obtained by this method. ? Field flux, ? : This method is known as Field flux control. Speed above base speed is obtained by this method. ? DC Series Motor: In a dc series motor, field winding is in series with the armature circuit. It is designed to carry the rated armature current. The fig. shows the equivalent circuit of a dc series motor driving load with load torque, TL. For the armature circuit, Vt = Ea + Ia ( ra+ rs ) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. (4. 3) Te = Ka ? Ia For no saturation in the magnetic circuit, ? = CIa Hence, Te = KaCIa2 = KIa2 Also, Ea = Ka ? wm = KaCIawm = KIawm From eqn (4. 3), Vt = KIawm + Ia (ra + rs) = Ia [ Kwm + (ra + rs)] Or, speed wm = (Vt/ KIa) – (ra +rs)/K †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (4. 4) where, rs = Series field resistance in ohm, K = KaC = constant in Nm/A2 or in V-sec/ A- rad. CLOSED LOOP CONTROL OF CHOPPER FED DC MOTOR For practical purposes motors are required to operate at desired speed with low losses to meet the desired load –torque characteristics which depends on the armature current. Suppose a motor is operating at a particular speed an suddenly a load is applied, the speed falls and the motors takes time to come up to the desired speed . but a speed feed back with an inner current loop provides faster response to any disturbance in speed command ,load torque and supply voltage. Another reason for the requirement of feedback loop in dc drives is that, the armature of a large motor represents very small impedance which when supplied with nominal voltage would result in an excessive current of up to 10 times the nominal value. Under normal conditions, this is prevented by the induced armature voltage, E which cancels most of the applied voltage, Va so that only the difference is driving the armature current, Ia. But under transient conditions or steady state over load of the motor, there is always a danger of excessive currents due to sudden torque demand and rapidly changing armature voltage or speed . t is therefore important to provide a fast current or torque limit to protect the motor, the power supply and the load. This is best realized by feedback control establishing an effective safe guard against electrical and mechanical stresses. In it the output of the speed controller, Ec is applied to the current limiter which sets the reference current, Ia (ref erence) for the current loop. the armature current is sensed by a current sensor, after being filtered by an active filter to remove ripples which is then compared with the reference current, Ia (ref. the error current is processed through a current controller whose output, Vc adjusts the firing angle of the chopper and brings the motor speed to the desired value. Any positive speed error caused by an increased in either speed command or load torque demand can produce a high reference current, Ia (ref) the motor accelerates to correct the speed error and finally settles down at any reference current, Ia(ref) which makes the motor torque equal to the load torque resultant in a speed error closed to zero. For any large positive speed error, current limiter saturates and limits the reference currents, Ia (ref) to a maximum value, Ia (max) the speed error is then corrected at the maximum permissible armature current ,Ia(max)until the speed error becomes small and the current limiters comes out of the saturation . normally ,the speed error is corrected with the Ia less than the maximum permissible armature current, Ia max. For speeds below the base speeds, the field error, Ef is large and the field controller saturates thereby applying the maximum ield voltage and current. The speed control from zero to base speed is normally done at the maximum field by armature voltage control. When the speed is closed to the base speed, Va is almost near the rated value and field controller comes out of saturation. The speed control above base speed is generally done by field weakening at the rated armature voltage. In the field control loop, the back emf Eb is compared with a reference voltage , Eb ( ref) the value of which is generally between 0. 85 to 0. 95 of the rated armature voltage. For a speed command above the base speed, the speed error causes a higher value of Va then motor accelerates, back emf , Eb increases and field error, Ef decreases. The field current when decreases and the motor speed continue to increase until it reaches the desired speed. In this mode of operation, the drive responds slowly due to large field time constant. A full converter is generally used in the field because it has the ability to reverse the voltage thereby reducing the field current much faster as compared to the semi converter. MODELING AND OBSERVATIONS ? Modeling using Matlab: ? DC Motor with Load Parameter given: Voltage = 220v Current = 6. 2A Ra = 4 ohm La = 0. 072H Speed = 1470 rpm J = 0. 0607 kg-m2 Kb= 1. 26v/rad/sec Bt =0. 0869N-m/rad/sec Parameters calculated: Ta=La/Ra= 0. 02sec Tm=j/Bt =0. 7sec K1 = Bt/[KB2 + Ra Bt] =0. 0449 -1/T1 – 1/T2 =-1/2[Bt/J +Ra/La] + sqre[1/4(Bi/J + Ra/La)2-{(Kb2 + Ra Bt ) /JLa}] T1 = 0. 1077sec T2 = 0. 0208sec Tm = J/Bt = 0. 7sec DC MotorTransfer function: I(s)/V(s) =[k1(1+sTm)]/ [(1+sT1)(1+sT2)]= [0. 032s+0. 045]/[0. 002s2+0. 4s+1] wm(s)/I(s)= Kb/Bt(1+sTm) =14. 5/(1+0. 75) Converter Transfer function Kr =1. 35V/Vcm =1. 35*230/10 =31. 05V/v Tr = 1/12*Fs = 1/12*50 =0. 00166sec T. F = kr/(1+sTr) =31. 05/(1+0. 00166s) Design of Current Controller Tc=T2=0. 0208sec K = T1/2Tr = 0. 1077/2*0. 00166 = 32. 43 Kc = KTc/k1HCKrTm =32. 43 *0. 0208/0. 0449*1*31. 05*0. 7 =0. 69 Transfer function Gc(s) = Kc(1+sTc)/sTc = 0. 69(1+0. 0208s)/0. 0208s = 0. 69 + 0. 0143s/0. 0208s Current Loop I(s)/I*(s) = Ki/(1+sTi) Ti = T3/1+ kfi Ki = kfi/Hc(1+ kfi) Kfi = KcKrKiTmHc/Tc Kfi = 0. 9*31. 05*0. 0449*0. 7*1/0. 0208 Kfi = 32. 44 Ki = Kfi/HC(1+ Kfi) Kfi = 32. 44/1*(1+32. 44) Kfi = 0. 97 Ti = T3/(1+ Kfi) = T1+Tr/(1+ Kfi) = 0. 1077+0. 00166/1+32. 44 = 0. 0032sec Speed controller Design T4 = Ti + Tw K2 = Ki Kb Hw /Bt Tm K2 = 0. 97*1. 26*1/0. 0869*0. 7 K2 = 20. 092 KS = 1/(2 Kt T4) KS = 1/2*20. 092*0. 0032 KS = 7. 77 Ts = 4T4 =4*0. 0032 Ts = 0. 0128 Transfer function T. F = KS (1+sTS)/sTS = 7. 77(1+0. 0128s)/0. 0128s = (7. 77 + 0. 0994)/0. 0128s ? Modeling using PSIM: Parameters Given: Source (Vdc) = 800V Transistor (npn): Saturation Voltage = 0 Initial Position = 0 Current Flag = 1 Gating Block (G): Frequency = 50Hz Number of Points = 2 Switching Points = [0 180] Diode (D): Diode Voltage Drop = 0 Initial Position = 0 Current Flag = 0 Inductor (L): Inductance = 0. 01 Initial Current = 0A Current Flag = 0 Capacitor (C): Capacitance = 0. 00005F Initial Capacitive Voltage = 0V Current Flag = 0 DC MOTOR (DCM): Ra = 0. 055 ohm La = 0. 01H Rf = 55 ohm Lf = 0. 02H MI = 0. 2 Vt = 440V Ia = 80A If = 4A n = 1500rpm Torque Flag = 0 Master/Slave Flag = 1 Field Source = 400V Speed Sensor (Ws): Gain = 1 Simulation Control: Time Step = 1e-005 Total Time = 0. 02 Print Time = 0 Print Step = 1 Load Flag = 0 Slave Flag = 0 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS DC drives are highly versatile energy conversion devices. It can meet the demand of loads requiring high starting, accelerating and decelerating torques. At the same time dc drives are easily adaptable for wide range of speed control and quick reversal. So, in industrial application where accurate control of speed and / or torque is required chopper controlled dc drives are unrivalled. Therefore, chopper controlled dc motors are universally employed in steel and aluminum mills, power shovels, electric elevators, railway locomotives and large earth moving equipments. Uses o Various Chopper Controlled DC drives with reasons: | | | | |Types of DC drives |Applications |Advantages | | | |Accurate speed control can be done. |Separately Excited dc drives |Used in paper mills, steel rolling |Variation of speed from very high to low value can be| | |mills, diesel-electric propulsion of |done | | |ships, etc. | | | | |Starting torque is very high upto 500%. | | |Maximum momentary operating torque is upto 400%. | | | |Speed regulation is widely variable. It is very high | |Series dc drive |Used in hoists, cranes, conveyors, |at no load. | | |trolley-cars, electric locomotives, |Speed control by series field. | | |etc. | | |Used in lathes, centrifugal pumps, |Starting torque is medium, usually limited to 250% by| |Constant speed dc shunt drive |reciprocating pumps, fans, blo wers, |a starting resistance but may be increased. | | |conveyors, spinning and weaving |Maximum momentary operating torque is usually limited| | |machines, etc. to about 200% by commutation. | | | |Speed regulation is about 5-10 %. | | | |Speed increases about 200% by field control and | | | |decreases by armature voltage control. | | |Starting torque is medium, usually limited to 250% by| | | |a starting resistance but may be increased. | | | |Maximum momentary operating torque is usually limited| |Adjustable speed dc shunt drives |Used for application requiring |to about 200% by commutation. | |adjustable speed control, either | | | |constant torque or constant output. | | SCOPE OF MODIFICATIONS Chopper controlled dc drives are widely used in hoists, cranes, elevators, shears, crushers, conveyor, blending mills, punch presses, air compressors, ice making machines, tractions, etc. So these drives should be modified in the following ways to make them more efficient and accurate, 1. The chopper controlled dc motors should be made with large diameter armatures and large pole size of reduced height. 2. The yoke as well as the main and commutating poles should be well laminated to reduce the eddy current effect and to improve the commutation. 3. Large numbers of commutator bars should be used to reduce the voltage between the commutator segments and to improve the commutation. 4. The commutator should be made larger in order to provide extra insulation to withstand large and rapid voltage fluctuations. 5. Compensating windings should be used in large motors to reduce the armature reactions effects. 6. The current densities used for the armature and Interpol windings should be reduced as compared to the conventional dc motors of the same frame size and rating in order to reduce the effect of heating of armature and Interpol. 7. Low inertia armature should be employed for improving the response. 8. Split brushes of good commutating quality should be used for reducing the effect of transformer voltage in the coil undergoing commutations. 9. Better class of insulation should be used to allow higher temperature rise and dissipation of more losses from a given frame. 10. Now a days chopper controlled dc drives are widely used in the automobile industries. So, it should have high efficiency and accuracy, light weight, low maintenance cost. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Electric Drives – Ramakrishnan, Prentice Hall India. 2. Power Electronics – P. S. Bimbhra, Khanna Publishers. 3. Software: MATLAB 6. 5 and PSIM.

Free Essays on Thanks To My Mother

Thanks to My Mother by Schoschana Rabinovici is one of the most moving memoirs I have ever read about the Holocaust. Born Susie Weksler, Rabinovici was only eight when Hitler's forces invaded her Lithuanian city of Vilnius, a great center for Jewish learning and culture. Soon after, her family faced hunger and fear in the Jewish ghetto, but the worse was yet to come. When the ghetto is liquidated, some Jews are selected for forced labor camps and the rest are killed. Susie would live because of her mother's courage and ingenuity. She carries Susie, hidden in a back pack, to the group destined for the labor camps. Susie is disguised as an adult to fool the guards into believing she is 17. Her mother cares for her body and soul through gruesome conditions in three concentration camps and a winter death march. This is a haunting book. It is amazing what the human spirit can endure when there is only a bit of hope. Susie's mother is determined that not only will they both survive, but that she will retain her humanity in the process, often sharing rations and thinking of ways to help other prisoners. Rabinovici is unsparing in her recollections: she describes "selections" when babies abandoned by their mothers are trampled, a bathhouse abortion, and a hellish journey on the cargo deck of a ship where the passengers are sprayed with feces and vomit. The only concession made to younger readers is footnotes that define religious, political and historic terms. Its biggest fault is that the author lacks the redemptive vision of, for example, Livia Bitton-Jackson in I Have Lived a Thousand Years. Readers whose interests include Holocaust testimonies and do not depend on literary polish, and are mentally prepared for the harshness of Rabinovici's experiences, will come away with renewed appreciation of the extraordinary fortitude required to survive those dire times.... Free Essays on Thanks To My Mother Free Essays on Thanks To My Mother Thanks to My Mother by Schoschana Rabinovici is one of the most moving memoirs I have ever read about the Holocaust. Born Susie Weksler, Rabinovici was only eight when Hitler's forces invaded her Lithuanian city of Vilnius, a great center for Jewish learning and culture. Soon after, her family faced hunger and fear in the Jewish ghetto, but the worse was yet to come. When the ghetto is liquidated, some Jews are selected for forced labor camps and the rest are killed. Susie would live because of her mother's courage and ingenuity. She carries Susie, hidden in a back pack, to the group destined for the labor camps. Susie is disguised as an adult to fool the guards into believing she is 17. Her mother cares for her body and soul through gruesome conditions in three concentration camps and a winter death march. This is a haunting book. It is amazing what the human spirit can endure when there is only a bit of hope. Susie's mother is determined that not only will they both survive, but that she will retain her humanity in the process, often sharing rations and thinking of ways to help other prisoners. Rabinovici is unsparing in her recollections: she describes "selections" when babies abandoned by their mothers are trampled, a bathhouse abortion, and a hellish journey on the cargo deck of a ship where the passengers are sprayed with feces and vomit. The only concession made to younger readers is footnotes that define religious, political and historic terms. Its biggest fault is that the author lacks the redemptive vision of, for example, Livia Bitton-Jackson in I Have Lived a Thousand Years. Readers whose interests include Holocaust testimonies and do not depend on literary polish, and are mentally prepared for the harshness of Rabinovici's experiences, will come away with renewed appreciation of the extraordinary fortitude required to survive those dire times....

What are UFOs and what ties them to Extraterrestrial Life essays

What are UFO's and what ties them to Extraterrestrial Life essays The question Are We Alone in the Universe? has been brought up and speculated on for thousands of years. My answer to the above question is I dont know. I will not try to give you answers in this essay, because as of now nobody knows the answer. I will merely speculate on this subject based on the information we obtain at present. The question of UFOs and intelligent life on other planets has become very popular. UFOs stand for Unidentified Flying Objects, which are any object in the sky that the viewer cannot recognize. Many scientists believe that we cannot be alone in the universe. There have been many unreported sightings of UFOs. Many of them however are found to be hoaxed or misperceptions. However among the thousands and thousands of sightings surely some of them have to be genuine. Some researchers believe that there were UFO sightings in ancient times. The evidence however is highly speculative. The next significant reports came into existence during World War I and there were also reports during World War II. Many people point out that UFOs do not and cannot exist and quote Physics and science to back them up. But we have to realize that we can only attempt to describe the universe in terms relative to things that we can measure. Just because UFO has not definitely been measured (as far as we officially know) does not prove they do not exist. John G. Fuller in the book UFOs? Yes! says I would point out that we have always been bombarded by certain wavelengths of radio as universal background noise from the edge of the universe. Until we discovered a way to generate and use radio for our own purposes, we had no way to know of its existence out there...Now that technology exists to listen, we can use that information to add to the description of the universe. Who knows how many other means of describing the univers...

Free Essays on Algerias Colonialism

Before discussing the experience of colonization of French in Algeria, it is necessary to give a definition of the term â€Å"Colonialism† as used in the following context. According to the Dictionary of Social Sciences, the term represents â€Å"the system of political and economic administration whereby a dominant country controls and exploits the resources of dominated peoples, who are often of a different culture.† Likewise, in the Dictionary of Critical Social Sciences, a colony is defined as â€Å"a poor or weak country that is occupied by the military and/or police forces of a more powerful country.† It seems that French control of Algeria definitely meets the dictionary definition of colonialism. Back in early African history, Europeans colonized and infiltrated African civilizations in order to make a profit and to be known as a superior nation. By doing this, European colonists changed and transformed the traditional African lifestyle. African’s were willing to let the colonists join them, but the Europeans went too far when they took over governments and tried to rule over the Africans. This colonization led to many problems in Africa that still affect modern day Africa. According to the European Colonization map, it shows that France and Great Britain ruled most of the Northern Part of Africa. There were two ways to rule colonies; direct rule (French) and indirect rule (Great Britain). The difference between these two different types of governing was that indirect rule was when a local chief or leader ruled the colony, but was used as just a messenger from a higher power of authority, in this case, the British. The British would make the laws for the ruler to enforce, and he would do it. In the case of direct rule, the country that colonized the country, ruled it. The French ruled their colonies in Africa and enforced their own rules, rather than let a local leader do it. And a good example of this is Algeria. In ... Free Essays on Algeria's Colonialism Free Essays on Algeria's Colonialism Before discussing the experience of colonization of French in Algeria, it is necessary to give a definition of the term â€Å"Colonialism† as used in the following context. According to the Dictionary of Social Sciences, the term represents â€Å"the system of political and economic administration whereby a dominant country controls and exploits the resources of dominated peoples, who are often of a different culture.† Likewise, in the Dictionary of Critical Social Sciences, a colony is defined as â€Å"a poor or weak country that is occupied by the military and/or police forces of a more powerful country.† It seems that French control of Algeria definitely meets the dictionary definition of colonialism. Back in early African history, Europeans colonized and infiltrated African civilizations in order to make a profit and to be known as a superior nation. By doing this, European colonists changed and transformed the traditional African lifestyle. African’s were willing to let the colonists join them, but the Europeans went too far when they took over governments and tried to rule over the Africans. This colonization led to many problems in Africa that still affect modern day Africa. According to the European Colonization map, it shows that France and Great Britain ruled most of the Northern Part of Africa. There were two ways to rule colonies; direct rule (French) and indirect rule (Great Britain). The difference between these two different types of governing was that indirect rule was when a local chief or leader ruled the colony, but was used as just a messenger from a higher power of authority, in this case, the British. The British would make the laws for the ruler to enforce, and he would do it. In the case of direct rule, the country that colonized the country, ruled it. The French ruled their colonies in Africa and enforced their own rules, rather than let a local leader do it. And a good example of this is Algeria. In ...

Evidence Based Practice Paper on Constipation Research

Evidence Based Practice on Constipation - Research Paper Example The increased number of chronic and life-threatening diseases further imposes vulnerable impacts on the balance of the society. Constipation is one of the common diseases currently prevailing within the society. It is caused owing to the infrequent bowel movements and/or difficulty having bowel movements in certain cases. Some of the signs and symptoms of this particular disorder include swollen stomach, stomach pain in certain cases, decreased appetite, lethargy and vomiting tendencies among others. It will be vital to mention that the bowel movements in humans differ from person to person and contextually, the time of the same may varies. However, in usual scenario, the substances of human intestines get hardened owing to inappropriate bowel movements for more than three days, which certainly results in constipation (Patients.co.uk, n.d.). The problem of constipation is emphasized in this particular discussion, concerning its prevalence amid the elderly people. Observably, people in the older age are deemed to be quite vulnerable towards chronic and life threatening health complications. Additionally, they also need to deal with various health issues, which are although not chronic but it certainly affects the day-to-day wellbeing of the people in the society. Among these daily health issues suffered by people, the complications resulting from ‘Constipation’ can be considered as among the basics. It is often known as the ‘bowel movements’ that are quite irregular in nature. The timing of bowel movement in humans differs from person to person. It would be vital to mention that some people might come across with bowel movements three times while it might differ in the case of others and might be recorded even 1 or 2 times a week in specific individuals. However, in usual scenario, three days wi thout bowel movements is quite

Benefits of having a personal disaster kit Essay

Benefits of having a personal disaster kit - Essay Example In other words, if you fail to coordinate precautionary measures prior to the occurrence of a disaster, you are prepared to handle the consequences. In cases like these, it is important to be prepared as being prepared can make a difference between life and death. In a disaster medical assistance is also often slowed, as emergency crews must focus on the victims of the disaster. Banks and other businesses might be closed, affecting a family's ability to withdraw money to pay bills and buy groceries Possessions are not hard to replace, as many people keep insurance on their property and tangible goods. The emotional toll of natural disasters is much more devastating. The death of a loved one may be the worst-case scenario but it's not the only lasting emotional effect victims experience. Whole communities may be displaced, separating friends and neighbors; victims face anxiety and depression as they wonder if it could happen again. In extreme cases, they may experience post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). (Cited from ehow.com) Life throws the unexpected at us every day. It is difficult to predict how a disaster will be. The effects of a disaster can be lessened if preparations are made ahead of time. One of the most important steps to being prepared for a disaster is having a personal disaster kit. Your personal disaster kit should include; water, food, first aid supplies, clothing and bedding, tools and emergency supplies and special items such as medication. Water should be stored in plastic containers such as soft drink bottles and store at least three gallons of water per person to serve for at least a three day period. Store at least a three day supply of non-perishable food items, food for infants and spices, vitamins or stress foods. It is far better to select foods that are compact and light weight such as ready to eat canned meats, fruits, vegetables and canned juices. Your disaster kit should also include a first aid kit. This kit should include; ban dages and pins, sterile adhesive bandages, roller bandages, sterile gauze, cleansing soaps and agents and non-prescription drugs like antacid, anti-diarrhea and pain killers. Paper cups, plates and plastic utensils, emergency preparedness manuals, battery operated radio with extra batteries, plastic storage containers, waterproof matches, flash lights stored with batteries inserted backwards, toilet paper, personal hygiene products, plastic garbage bags and household chlorine bleach are also among the many essentials for your personal disaster kit. It is important to store your kit in a convenient place with smaller versions of it in your car. Ensure all items are kept in air tight plastic bags. Finally replace the stored food and water in your kit every six months. Every year people are affected by disasters. Lives are lost, property is destroyed and personal effects lost to the unforgiving aftermath of both natural and man-made disasters. The saddest part of such devastation is th at most of it could have been averted with the proper preparation. Being prepared does not mean that one won't incur any loss, however, if one prepares properly, it can save lives, homes and personal affects. Proper preparation can also make recovery and dealing with insurance companies and government entities exponentially easier. Once a disaster

Principles, Theories, and Practice of Learning Essay

Principles, Theories, and Practice of Learning - Essay Example The essay "Principles, Theories, and Practice of Learning" talks about the process of learning which is as a result of practice, training, or experience. For behavior change to occur, the learner must be in a position to express the impact of learning when confronted with a condition that necessitates the expression of the acquired knowledge. Operant conditioning theory expresses the behavior as a function of its consequences. In essence, an action that produces positive consequences is easily repeated over a longer time. On the other hand, behaviors that yield negative consequences are shunned. Skinner demonstrated the application of the operant conditioning theory using rats in a box. In this case, demonstration, whenever the rats pressed on a small bar in the box, food would come out. This positive feedback resulted in a constant pressing of the bar by the rats hence behavior change. This theory exonerates voluntary behaviors as a manifestation of learning. The practicality of ope rant conditioning can be enhanced in a classroom environment through rewarding of exemplary performances. Awarding prizes to learners with different skills and abilities inclines them to uphold such behaviors. Award of prices boosts the morale of the learners and compels them to exploit all avenues for good performance. Cognitive learning theory assumes that everyone is conscious of his or her actions and behavior. It asserts that learning is achieved through the pre-coded relationship between the stimuli and response.

Serial Killers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Serial Killers - Essay Example Moreover, physical or sexual abuse on them by parents or some members of society, like suffering in the hands of peers may cause them physical and mental pain forcing them to seek revenge. They are also thought to be antisocial, introverts, and spend a lot of time thinking of ways of getting satisfaction and control over others. They may also be in the need to dominate their victims completely, and the satisfaction they may get when in total control of their victims lives. This may make them create scenes in their heads of what they could do to people, obtain such pleasure and exert fear in their victims as they commit the murders. The mental scene may sometimes fade in their minds and these forces them to act and try what they envisioned to a victim (Andreu, 1). The performing of the first killing, which is the hardest, may give the killer some satisfaction for only a limited amount of time. Moreover, the guilt of the murder is in the long-run overshadowed by the mental satisfaction that the killer feels as he/she dominated the victims makes them get the urge to kill again. In addition, some serial killers create or have some ideal characteristics that they have envisioned their victim should have. These may be either physical appearance of the victims have or some other criteria from social, cultural or economic traits. For example, if it is a woman she may kill only blonde of a certain age category or from some place. Some may pick victims from a certain profession, for example, a serial may target prostitutes, or high school students. For some cases, the serial killer may also not find his/her ideal victim, and may settle on who nearly meet their criteria for their murders to achieve satisfaction (Mauro, 1). The work of identifying a serial murder and investigation is always hard as this serial killer commit their crimes discretely. The police normally have a hard time creating a profile for these killers and motive for the killing. Moreover, any of the ser ial murders may go unsolved as the police may find it hard to profile the murders and many of the serial killers commit the murders and hide the traces well (Andreu, 1). The police may first need to identify the pattern in the killings and this is normally done to try figure out what the victims have in common to have warranted their killing by the serial killer. For instance, they need to identify if they have any blood relation, whether they knew each other or had been involved in any activity together. If there is no relation at all then they may try to identify a pattern in their activities, whether they go to the same workplace, and same shop among others. In addition, the physical location in which the murder was committed or where the bodies are found is also important. The location may give them the pattern if available on the map on the link or on the place where the next victim may be killed. Serial murders have been known to commit murders on their victims near their home s. In addition, the serial murder may take time and processes depending on one serial murderer to another, as they try to do it as it is in their mind. The serial murderers need discrete places where they may work uninterrupted until they complete their murder. The location of the murders may also act as an indicator of where the next victim may be murdered by the killer. Moreover, the police need to identify what is considered as a signature for the serial killer.

Busniss law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Busniss law - Essay Example This accusation is not true and causes Cornell to lose its customers to Stanford. The legal definition of defamation involves false accusation against a person, which has a potential of adversely affecting the victim’s reputation or competitive advantage in trade. In order to establish a case on defamation’s basis, the plaintiff must prove a number of essential elements. First, the plaintiff must have been subjected to a â€Å"defamatory statement† (Beatty and Samuelson, p. 78). The statement must have been false and the defendant must have communicated the statement leading to injury on the plaintiff. Defamation can be either slander or libel (Beatty and Samuelson, p. 78). In the case, Stanford made an advertisement whose claim was defamatory. The claim was false and caused Cornell its customers who went to Stanford’s business, thereby causing financial losses, in revenues and profits, to Cornell. This forms a legal ground for defamation as was held in the case of Bose Corporation v Consumers Union of the United States (Jernings, p. 289). Cornell could therefore sue on grounds of defamation that could be either libel or slander, depending on Sanford’s mode of advertisement. If Stanford used a permanent medium such as an audio recording or a print media, then Cornell could sue for injuries on grounds of libel. An unrecorded oral advertisement could however lead to suit on ground of slander. The case involves Dan, a driver to EZ Delivery Company, who leaves his car in a neutral mode and does not set brakes. The car then rolls while Dan makes delivery and crashes into a petrol station, causing flames of fire. The fire spreads to a close building that collapses, causing injury to Flow. The facts of the case identify negligence that defines a breach of a duty of care by a party to another, leading to injury. This is because a driver owes elements, in his environment, a duty of care and Dan’s

Serial Killers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Serial Killers - Essay Example Moreover, physical or sexual abuse on them by parents or some members of society, like suffering in the hands of peers may cause them physical and mental pain forcing them to seek revenge. They are also thought to be antisocial, introverts, and spend a lot of time thinking of ways of getting satisfaction and control over others. They may also be in the need to dominate their victims completely, and the satisfaction they may get when in total control of their victims lives. This may make them create scenes in their heads of what they could do to people, obtain such pleasure and exert fear in their victims as they commit the murders. The mental scene may sometimes fade in their minds and these forces them to act and try what they envisioned to a victim (Andreu, 1). The performing of the first killing, which is the hardest, may give the killer some satisfaction for only a limited amount of time. Moreover, the guilt of the murder is in the long-run overshadowed by the mental satisfaction that the killer feels as he/she dominated the victims makes them get the urge to kill again. In addition, some serial killers create or have some ideal characteristics that they have envisioned their victim should have. These may be either physical appearance of the victims have or some other criteria from social, cultural or economic traits. For example, if it is a woman she may kill only blonde of a certain age category or from some place. Some may pick victims from a certain profession, for example, a serial may target prostitutes, or high school students. For some cases, the serial killer may also not find his/her ideal victim, and may settle on who nearly meet their criteria for their murders to achieve satisfaction (Mauro, 1). The work of identifying a serial murder and investigation is always hard as this serial killer commit their crimes discretely. The police normally have a hard time creating a profile for these killers and motive for the killing. Moreover, any of the ser ial murders may go unsolved as the police may find it hard to profile the murders and many of the serial killers commit the murders and hide the traces well (Andreu, 1). The police may first need to identify the pattern in the killings and this is normally done to try figure out what the victims have in common to have warranted their killing by the serial killer. For instance, they need to identify if they have any blood relation, whether they knew each other or had been involved in any activity together. If there is no relation at all then they may try to identify a pattern in their activities, whether they go to the same workplace, and same shop among others. In addition, the physical location in which the murder was committed or where the bodies are found is also important. The location may give them the pattern if available on the map on the link or on the place where the next victim may be killed. Serial murders have been known to commit murders on their victims near their home s. In addition, the serial murder may take time and processes depending on one serial murderer to another, as they try to do it as it is in their mind. The serial murderers need discrete places where they may work uninterrupted until they complete their murder. The location of the murders may also act as an indicator of where the next victim may be murdered by the killer. Moreover, the police need to identify what is considered as a signature for the serial killer.

Retail Marketing- Group report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Retail Marketing- Group report - Assignment Example Usually, this kind of buyer/seller relationship is always suitable for purchases which low value. The customer may be more interested in bargain prices as opposed to quality. This is ideal for market conditions that are dynamic and the customer has many options. Value-auditing relationships are those where the customer’s needs are identified. In this kind of relationship, the seller attempts to come up with aspects of his product that are deemed most valuable to the buyer. After figuring out what these are, the seller will try to focus on giving as much as possible of this in order to make sure that the buyer has the most value from the payment he makes. The Value adding relationship is the intermediate between a transactional and a collaborative relationship. Although though there is minimal collaboration between the buyer and the seller, there is some amount of extra care taken by both sides to ensure a better product delivery. Deluxe uses this kind of relationship with some of its customers. This is especially done with the smaller business customers who are just looking for easy marketing solutions with Deluxe. Instead of having a collaborative relationship with the customers, what deluxe des is to provide a powerful web portal that tries to provide a way to make sure that the needs of the customer is met. Every member who visits their website is kindly asked to fill out a simple questionnaire to give feedback about their experience in using the website. This makes it easy for deluxe to know where to improve, but does not eventually lead to a collaborative relationship. Collaborative relationship is a situation where the customer and the buyer end up having a relationship that goes beyond just the transaction of goods (Strauss & Frost, 2001). Apart from exchanging money and goods or services, the parties to transaction in

Professional Roles and Values Essay Example for Free

Professional Roles and Values Essay A. Promoting Interdisciplinary Care When nurses promote collaborative interdisciplinary care, they are ensuring the availability and accessibility of quality health care (ANA, 2010). As the nursing supervisor in this clinical setting, I would hold a staff meeting with the family nurse practitioner (FNP), nurse, licensed vocational nurse (LVN), nutritionist, and social worker. I would ask them to speak about their areas of expertise and explain how their knowledge will enhance this clinical team. The nutritionist’s expertise in diet, the social worker’s fluency in Spanish, the LVN’s training in education, and the nurse’s specialization in community health are all attributes that will promote the delivery of quality patient care. In this meeting, I give examples of how the specialized training and resources of these individuals will improve patient care and ease the workload of other staff members. I foster an open discussion and encourage thoughts, feelings, and questions. I also state that if someone has a question or concern that they do not wish to discuss in front of everyone, they can speak to me in private. B. Delegation and Teamwork As the nurse supervisor, I would use a coaching approach to speak to Ms. W. Coaching provides a safe environment for trying different approaches to new or challenging situations (Robinson-Walker, Detmer, and Schultz, 2011). I would request to have lunch with Ms. W and at this lunch, I begin by praising her work and emphasizing her importance to this clinic. In a light-hearted and non-confrontational way, I say, â€Å"I know how hard you have been working with Ms. R and you must be so frustrated!† I encourage a response by asking, â€Å"Why do you think she is being non-compliant?† I listen to her responses without interrupting and work into the conversation these questions: â€Å"Do you think it’s possible she does not understand English? What do you think about having the social worker speak to her?† The LVN’s expertise in community health and her available resources would also be mentioned. I emphasize that delegating to members of the team will b e in the  best interest of the patient, as well as free up some of Ms. R’s valuable time. B1. Responsibility The Nursing Code of Ethics Provision 2 states that the nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient and it further implies that nurses should actively promote collaborative multi-disciplinary planning (American Nurses Association, 2012). If Ms. W does not have time to follow through with community services that could benefit Ms. R, then Ms. W has a responsibility to refer Ms. R to people who have the knowledge, resources, and time to help her. In addition to the Nursing Code of Ethics, the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) states that one of the standards related to the RN scope of practice is that nurses evaluate the patient’s response to nursing care. They do this by evaluating: the patient’s response to interventions, the need for alternative interventions, the need to consult with other team members, and the need to revise the plan of care (NCSBN, 2012). When Ms. W saw that the patient was not compliant, she should have reevaluated her plan of care. Ms. W can delegate to the LVN, who is experienced in prenatal education, and would be able to explain the importance of finishing antibiotic therapy or performing tests that are essential for a healthy pregnancy. If Ms. W is too busy to educate, then she is responsible for finding someone who can. B2. Recommended Resource A resource that would benefit Ms. W in learning more about delegating is the continuing education course given by the ANA, â€Å"Developing Delegation Skills.† This course covers delegation and the associated concepts of accountability, responsibility, and authority (Weydt, 2010). It discusses using nursing judgment and interpersonal relationships during the delegation process and at the courses end, the author speaks about how to develop delegation skills. Learning to properly delegate ultimately improves the quality of patient care. B3. Delegation Opportunities The nurse in this scenario has 4 colleagues in the clinic that she can delegate to: the LVN, nurse, nutritionist, and social worker. Ms. R had recurrent urinary tract infections; the nutritionist can review her food and fluid intake and the LVN can teach prenatal care based on the nutritionist’s evaluation and recommendations. The nurse in the clinic can explore community resources that may be available to assist Ms. R. The social worker, however, is the most important person in these collaborations because it is probable that Ms. R does not understand English and needs an interpreter. The social worker is fluent in Spanish and her presence will not only raise the comfort level of Ms. W, but will assure that she is receiving the required information that is pertinent to her pregnancy. References American Nurses Association. (2012). Code of Ethics for Nursing with Interpretive Statements. Nursing World. Retrieved from http://www.nursingworld.org/codeofethics National Council of State Boards of Nursing. (2012). NCSBN Model Rules. Retrieved from http://www.ncsbn.org/12_model_rules_090512.pdf Weydt, A. (2010). Developing Delegation Skills. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 15(2). Retrieved from www.nursingworld.org/mainmenucategories/anamarketplace/anaperiodicals/ojin/tableofcontents/vol152010/no2may2010/delegation-skills

Pathological Explanations of Poverty

Pathological Explanations of Poverty Discuss the pathological and structural explanations of poverty. Poverty was first identified by Sir William Beveridge in 1942, as a major social evil in society. It is a highly contested and multi-dimensional social problem that has no single agreed definition. Kilty et al defines poverty as ‘an overall condition of inadequacy, lacking and scarcity’. She further claims, ‘it is destitution and deficiency of economic, political and social resources’ (Kilty et al, 1997: 30 cited in Kane Kirby, 2003: 52). Social scientists have established two main representations of poverty. These are absolute and relative poverty. Absolute poverty denotes a lack of access to a minimum level of subsistence that is required to live a healthy lifestyle. This includes basic life necessities such as food, water, clothing and shelter. In contrast, sociologist Peter Townsend defines relative poverty in terms of relative deprivation which means that the living standards of the poor are considered far too removed from the rest of society (Holman, 1978; Pantazis et al, 2006). Sociologists have identified numerous explanations for the existence and persistence of poverty. These include unemployment, homelessness, ill health, old age, lack of access to education and an underprivileged socio-economic position in society. In this essay, I will discuss two major sociological/political theories of poverty, one known as the pathological explanation and the other as the structural explanation. As part of the pathological perspective I will explore individualistic, familial and subcultural understandings of poverty. In contrast within structural accounts, I will examine class, agency and inequality approaches to poverty. In doing so, I will discover their solutions to help tackle poverty and will also evaluate the relevance of both pathological and structural explanations in the contemporary world (ibid). Pathological explanations of poverty are favoured by those on the right of the political spectrum. Firstly, according to the individualistic viewpoint social problems like poverty, unemployment and crime stem from individual deficiencies and limitations. For instance, it is argued that the poor have a character defect. They are deliberately indolent individuals who have made bad choices in life. Therefore, they are held responsible for their own plight. Individualistic explanations also attribute poverty to the biology of the poor. In support of this, Charles Murray (2000) claims that ‘by choosing to be poor people pass on inferior genes to their offspring’ and ‘over time, there is a deterioration in the genome of the poor’ (Fitzpatrick, 2011: 101). Nevertheless, it must be noted that there is no scientific evidence to prove that poverty is an innate problem (Fitzpatrick, 2011; Holman, 1978). Successive governments have adopted different policy approaches to tackle poverty. A historic example is of the 19th century Poor Law Amendment Act which was introduced in 1834. The act took into consideration the widely accepted individualistic ideology of its time, which believed poverty to be a moral failure of the individual. As a result, workhouses were introduced to instil discipline in poor citizens. The conditions of a workhouse were deliberately terrible in order to discourage people from applying for state assistance and instead, provide them with the incentive to find work. Later, the act was heavily criticised for purely treating the symptoms of poverty rather than the actual disease itself. Alternatively, familial explanations of poverty blame the individual’s family circumstances for shaping their disadvantaged lifestyle. For example, if a child lives in a family environment that is characterised by laziness, poor educational attainment, unemployment, delinquency and dependence on the welfare state, then the child is more likely to grow up dysfunctional (Fitzpatrick, 2011; Kane Kirby, 2003; Townsend, 1979). Familial explanations also attribute poverty to the child rearing practices of lower class families. It is argued that these families encounter multiple deprivations in life and are thus, unable to provide their children with a decent upbringing. This has a negative impact on the child’s life opportunities. According to the cycle of deprivation theory, family pathology is responsible for transmitting social deprivation intergenerationally. This is due to the belief that poverty runs in families. Furthermore, in an attempt to end the generational cycle of poverty, in 1998 the New Labour government introduced Sure Start programmes which are a form of educational intervention in the lives of children. They were set up with the aim of improving deprived children’s life chances, so that they do not face disadvantage in the school life (Kane Kirby, 2003; Shuffelton, 2013). The third well-known pathological explanation is the subculture of poverty theory which was coined by the American anthropologist Oscar Lewis. Lewis claimed that poor families exist within a subculture which is made up of unique behaviour patterns and characteristics. These are distinct from mainstream society and include: long-term unemployment, substance abuse and welfare dependency. Subcultural explanations claim that groups who share these negative characteristics are destined to remain within a self-perpetuating cycle of poverty. They begin viewing poverty as an accepted lifestyle and make little effort to improve their circumstances. However, this is not necessarily true as an individual’s changing economic circumstances can lift them out of poverty. Additionally, many people do make an effort to improve their situation through work and the education system. Overall, subcultural explanations have proven beneficial in explaining the persistence of poverty in the contempor ary world (Holman, 1978; Kane Kirby, 2003; Waxman, 1977). Pathological explanations of poverty have received considerable support from New Right theorists, the Conservative Party and other Right Wing academics like Charles Murray (1984), who is highly critical of the welfare state. Murray asserts that welfare benefits have gave birth to an underclass in society and a generation of the unemployed. He argues the welfare system is a poverty-perpetuating system, as over-generous welfare benefits have encouraged recipients’ to become dependent upon them throughout their entire lives. Nevertheless, Murray has been criticised for underestimating the desire of the underclass to be free from state assistance. Likewise, his ideological position has meant that he has also lacked focus in explaining how wider structural factors may also cause poverty (Fitzpatrick, 2011; Holman, 1978; Niskanen, 1996). Murray’s underclass theory has influenced contemporary government approaches to tackle welfare dependency. For instance, the current UK coalition government has adopted radical policies that involve cutbacks in benefits and the introduction of disciplinary workfare programmes, where welfare claimants are obliged to undertake voluntary work or training in return for their benefits. The coalition government has also expanded apprenticeships. The aim of such policies is to help welfare dependents regain the incentive to work. This is by teaching them the skills needed for a decent paid job. Overall, pathological explanations of poverty have numerous strengths and weaknesses. For instance, the political scientist Michael Harrington asserts that, ‘the real explanation of why the poor are where they are is that they made the mistake of being born to the wrong parents in the wrong section of the country in the wrong industry or in the wrong racial or ethnic group. There are two important ways of saying this: the poor are caught up in a vicious circle; or the poor live in a culture of poverty’ (Harrington, 1962: 12 cited in Kane Kirby, 2003: 98). Here, Harrington illustrates his support for the pathological explanation by highlighting the importance of familial and subcultural explanations in understanding poverty (Fitzpatrick, 2011; Holman, 1978; Niskanen, 1996). Pathological explanations have also been criticised for ignoring how wider societal and situational factors cause poverty. For example, circumstances where an individual loses their job, partner or experiences ill health may push an individual into a poverty lifestyle. In addition, the theory does not explain why particular groups like ethnic minorities are more vulnerable to poverty. For example, the structural perspective of poverty would argue that ethnic minorities experience discrimination and social exclusion in all areas of life. This is often attributed to their race, religion or culture. Within the workplace, they are treated as a source of cheap expendable labour, are provided with menial tasks and are paid well below the minimum wage. This example illustrates how social injustices can create poverty in society (ibid). In opposition to the pathological perspective, structural accounts of poverty are favoured by those on the left of the political spectrum. Firstly, according to the Marxist explanation by Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895), poverty is a key ingredient of capitalist societies. All capitalist societies are characterised by class conflict between the bourgeoisies, who are the owners of the means of production and the proletariat or working class who sell their labour power in return for wages. Marxists argue that the proletariat experience marginalisation, exploitation and alienation at the hands of the bourgeoisie. This is clearly evident in the labour market where they are treated as a reserve army of labour, are made to work for long hours and are paid low wages in return. Although this enables the capitalist system to thrive, it creates inequalities in wealth and income and keeps the proletariat located at the very bottom of the social hierarchy (Fitzpatrick, 201 1; Kane Kirby, 2003) Karl Marx anticipated a revolution to occur where the proletariat collectively unite for radical social change. He argued that this revolution will give rise to a communist society which is based on equal distribution of wealth and thereby, will ensure the entire elimination of social problems. Nevertheless, Marx has been criticised for overestimating a revolution which has failed to occur. Therefore, the Marxist theory failed to come up with an adequate solution to the problem of poverty and instead, it continues to blames poverty on the evils of capitalism. Overall, Marxists argue that class conflict is an inevitable feature of every capitalist society and therefore, social class is the main socio-economic determinant of whether people experience poverty in the contemporary world (ibid). Secondly according to the agency perspective, poverty is caused by the failure of public services and inadequate welfare benefits. Although, social services play a vital role in alleviating social and material deprivation, this theory argues that they have proven inefficient in tackling poverty. Also, government policies and institutions that have been set up to eradicate poverty have not performed their duties and have failed to serve the needs of the poor. Consequently, it is argued that there is a need to improve both the access and administration of welfare services. Alternatively, advocates of the pathological explanation criticise structural explanations for advocating a hand-out approach to welfare, which they believe fosters a dependency culture and serves to perpetuate poverty in society. They argue that policy solutions should focus on making individuals self-reliant and not providing them with a cradle to grave welfare state (Holman, 1978; Pantazis et al, 2006). In response, advocates of the structural interpretation criticise pathological accounts for ignoring the rise in the number of the working poor who are also reliant on state assistance. This rise in the number of the working poor provides evidence against the pathological view that work is the best route out of poverty. Structural accounts of poverty have blamed the rise of the working poor on the retrenchment of welfare provisions by the New Right, which they argue provided people with an additional support mechanism. On the other hand, the third well-known structural perspective is based on an inequality approach and argues that poverty is attributed to inequalities in society in terms of race, gender, age, ethnicity and social class. Generally, it is argued that there is more poverty where there is economic inequality. For instance, Britain is an unequal society in terms of wealth and income. There is a huge gap between the rich and poor which demonstrated by the clear north/south divide in the country (Fitzpatrick, 2011; Holman, 1978) In order to tackle income inequality, structural viewpoints argue for a redistribution of wealth in society and the need for governments to implement inclusive policies that help integrate the poor back into society. This includes people with disabilities who face social exclusion in the labour market. Structural explanations also advocate for a change to the structure of society, and a redistributive taxation system and also greater economic growth which will create more jobs and help alleviate economic inequality. On the other hand, Unwin 2007 argues that because ‘people are both: individuals and social creatures. it is impossible to tackle poverty from just one or the other perspective’ (cited in Bourassa, 2009: online edition). Unwin argues a more effective solution would involve a combination of both structural and pathological understanding of poverty in explaining poverty in the contemporary world (Harrop, 2015: Online; Gooby, 2015: Online; Luebker, 2014). In conclusion, poverty has proven to be a highly complex and difficult challenge for all contemporary governments. Social scientists have established two compelling accounts of poverty. These are pathological and structural explanations of poverty. Pathological explanations of poverty are favoured by those on the right of the political perspective. According to the political right, poverty is blamed on individual, familial and subcultural factors. In contrast, structural explanations are favoured by those on the left wing of the political spectrum. According to the political left, poverty is a consequence of structural and societal factors. These include an individual’s social class, an inadequate agency and societal inequality which all help explain the cause of poverty in society. Research has shown that both perspectives have numerous strengths and weaknesses. One solution would involve a combination of the two perspectives, as it will offer a more holistic approach in unde rstanding and tackling poverty in the contemporary world.

mother theresa :: essays research papers fc

Mother Theresa of Calcutta Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu was born in 1910 to Albanian parents in Skopje, which at the time was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. (The city is now the capital of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.) When she was 18, she entered the Order of the Sisters of Our Lady of Loreto in Ireland. She trained in Dublin and in Darjeeling, India, before taking her religious vows in 1937. She took the name Teresa from Saint Teresa of Lisieux, the patron saint of foreign missionaries. In September 1946, while riding in a train from Calcutta to Darjeeling to engage in 8 days of spiritual exercises, she received a divine calling from God "to serve Him amongst the poorest of the poor". She served as principal of a Roman Catholic high school in Calcutta, and was moved by the presence of the sick and dying on the city's streets. In 1948 she was granted permission to leave her post at the convent and begin a ministry among the sick. That same year she became an Indian citizen. In 1950 Mother Teresa and her associates were approved within the archdiocese of Calcutta as the Missionaries of Charity. The order was later recognized as a pontifical congregation under the jurisdiction of Rome. Members of the congregation take four vows on acceptance by the religious community. In addition to the three basic vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, a fourth vow is required pledging service to the poor, whom Mother Teresa described as the embodiment of Christ. In 1952 Mother Teresa opened the Nirmal Hriday (Pure Heart) Home for Dying Destitutes in Calcutta. She and her fellow nuns took in dying Indians off the streets of Calcutta and brought them to this home to care for them during the days before they died, so that they might be able to die in peace and with dignity. In serving the people abandoned by society, Mother Teresa put love into action. Her spirit of giving inspired many to follow her, and her work eventually expanded to many other parts of the world. Today over 5000 sisters, brothers, and volunteers run approximately 500 centers worldwide, feeding 500,000 families and helping 90,000 lepers every year. In recognition of her efforts, Mother Teresa was bestowed many awards, including the Padma Shri award for distinguished service in 1962, The Pope John XXIII Peace Prize in 1971, the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979, the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1985, and the Congressional Gold Medal in 1997.

Professional Sports - It’s Time to End the Corruption of Baseball Essay

It’s Time to End the Corruption of Baseball Baseball used to be a simple game, associated with the smell of hot dogs, the sweet dew of the night air as fans rose for the seventh inning stretch, and the beautiful spectacle of the field with its freshly cut grass and newly chalked base lines. Now it seems like each game is won by at least five runs, the stadiums are half empty, and the pride of a baseball radio announcer, once an honorable career, has dwindled along with the game. Additionally, since 1976 players’ salaries have increased 168% a year, numbers too high to be blamed on inflation (Breton 4). These current conditions reflect the growing corruption of baseball. Why is there corruption in baseball? It’s simple; players are asking for more money, which only big market teams can afford. If a player comes up through the league in a small market team and becomes a success, he demands more money, which the team can’t afford, so he moves to a big market team that will satisfy his demands. For example, look at Cincinnati Reds’ former players Bret Boone, Dimitri Young, Pokey Reese, Denny Neagle, Mike Cameron, and Jeff Shaw, all players of all-star caliber now playing for teams paying a bigger salary. This causes the problem of uncompetitive small market teams, who make up 44% of baseball (Player 1). With nearly half of the league being uncompetitive, it doesn’t make for a really surprising season. This lack of competition snowballs into corrupting other parts of the game. There is a steady decrease in attendance; the Cincinnati Reds total attendance for 2001 was about two million, a twenty four percent decrease from the 2000 season (Cincinnati 1). To make up for lagging attendance there is an increase in ticket pri... ... Lewis, Corey. â€Å"Salary Cap, Anyone? Yankee Wealth Killing Baseball.† 18 Feb. 2002. < http://www.thedailyworld.com>. Mann, Dinn. â€Å"Behind the Seams with Bud Selig.† 27 March 2002. < http://www.mlb.com>. Plimpton, George. Out of My League. New York: Lyons and Burford, Publishers, 1961. Smizik, Bob. â€Å"Baseball Can’t Bear Costs for Salary Cap.† 18 Feb. 2002. < http://www.post-gazette.com>. Unknown. â€Å"2001 Standings: Regular.† 18 Feb. 2002. < http://www.espn.go.com>. Unknown. â€Å"Cincinnati Reds Attendance.† 27 March 2002. < http://www.cbs.sportsline.com>. Unknown. â€Å"Fehr: Forget about It.† 18 Feb. 2002. < http://www.sportsillustrated.cnn.com>. Unknown. â€Å"Player Salaries Opening Day 2001.† 18 Feb. 2002. . Unknown. â€Å"World Series Winners.† 27 March 2002. < http://www.historicbaseball.com>.

Concealed Carry on College Campuses

The debate concerning the laws of concealed carry on college campuses has been going strong since the Virginia Tech tragedy on April 16, 2007. Concealed carry should be allowed on college campuses. On one side, people oppose the right of concealed carry on campus stating reasons such as this one presented by Concealed Campus, â€Å"It’s unlikely that allowing concealed carry on college campuses could help prevent a Virginia Tech-style massacre because most college students are too young to obtain a concealed handgun license,† (Common). That statement is incorrect and quite misleading. Nineteen of the thirty-two victims of the Virginia Tech tragedy were of or over the age of twenty-one† which is the minimum age to receive a concealed weapons permit in most states (Common). Another common argument against concealed carry on campuses is, â€Å"Life on college campuses often involves some drug use and alcohol consumption that could impair the judgment of a law-abidin g gun owner,† posted by The Warrior (Umpir). However, each state that gives concealed weapons permits has laws prohibiting license holders from carrying while under the influence of drugs or alcohol.Anyone who knows anything about guns would know this. Allowing concealed carry on college campuses should not only be allowed, but encouraged. Between 2001 and 2003 there were 10,472 cases of aggravated assaults on campuses across the US as presented by the U. S. Department of Education (Criminal). These large numbers could very well be prevented in the future if concealed carry is allowed on college campuses. Part of American citizens’ civil rights, as guaranteed by the US Constitution in the second amendment, is to keep and bear arms.The second amendment stating â€Å"As passed by the Congress: A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. † This has been a long stand ing principle and all states have laws for concealed weapons, some stricter than others, but all in some way may advocate for it. The National Conference of State Legislatures posted in August 2012, â€Å"Recent court cases have also overturned some †¦ system wide bans of concealed carry on state college and university campuses.In March 2012, the Colorado Supreme Court ruled that the University of Colorado’s policy banning guns from campus violates the state’s concealed carry law, and in 2011 the Oregon Court of Appeals overturned the Oregon University System’s ban of guns on campuses †¦ it was ruled that state law dictates only the legislature can regulate the use, sale and possession of firearms†¦,† (Guns). This supports the arguments for concealed carry on campus by showing the Supreme Court’s support for long standing laws. Concealed carry on campus would do well for the common good. In having a concealed weapon, others may becom e uneasy.However, if the lisecense holder is responsible and caring, they could actually make others feel at ease knowing that a responsible US citizen could protect them in an emergency. To advocate for my position, I have joined the group â€Å"Students for Concealed Carry† at www. Concealedcampus. com. The group has given me the information to write to my state elected officials to encourage concealed weapons on college campuses, which I have done. Works Cited â€Å"Common Arguments Agaisnt Campus Carry. † Concealed Campus. Students for Concealed Carry, 2011. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Criminal Offensess – Aggravated Assault. † Ed. gov. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Guns on Campus. † NCSL. National Conference of State Legislatures, Aug. 2012. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. . Umpir, Evan. â€Å"Against Concealed Carry on Campus. † The Warrior. N. p. , 03 Nov. 2011. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. .

Economic development in low income countries Essay

It is no secret that despite the breakthroughs in international economic dynamics, development is still elusive to some of the world’s poorer countries. However, current trends indicate that some of these low income nations are actually faring much better than others. Countries like China, Vietnam, and India might be well on their way to economic prosperity. The purpose of this paper is to identify the current aspects that affect economic progress and identify existing trends within those aspects. This paper gauges the sensitivity of low income countries to such trends. In particular, this paper discusses the aspects of globalization and education; the parts that each of these aspects play in determining the economic fate of low income countries. In the continuing rise of globalization, lines that have previously separated nations are now being blurred. The advent of free trade a few decades passed has increased not only economic, but cultural interactions among countries worldwide. These developments preview a globalized perspective of the economy, where the concept of nation as an economic barrier because of tariffs and trade regulations may no longer apply. If we look at how low income countries fare in the light of a globalizing world market, there are varied effects that can be observed. The influx of multinational corporations into countries of the third world brought about by the prospect of more affordable labor boosts employment rates and strengthens these countries’ current economic standing. Countries like India, Vietnam, and the Philippines currently thrive on jobs provided by various outsourcing corporations from the United States and Europe. On the other hand, some countries tend to suffer trade abuse from countries with stronger markets when it comes to the lowering of trade barriers. Without trade barriers on foreign products, the local companies of poorer countries find it much harder to compete with their foreign counterparts. The larger companies obviously have greater capital and can afford to lower prices much more than local smaller companies. On the other hand despite the lowering of tariffs in the countries where larger companies are based, smaller companies from other countries who want to enter into those markets still have a hard time. A good example of this can be seen in the case of China and the Philippines. China’s booming economy exported goods worth over $18. 6 million into the Philippines in 2005 while the Philippines was only able to export $2. 3 million (Rogers, 2006). Clearly, smaller companies in the Philippines are sorely outclassed by Chinese capital and cheap labor. China has is in fact making remarkable market headway in the international arena despite the prevailing low average income per annum of U. S. $2,040. With regards to direct investment, smaller companies yet find themselves outgunned once more by their larger competitors. Direct investment allows large companies to infiltrate chap labor markets where smaller companies operate. They are able to offer higher wages to workers from smaller companies owing largely to wide differences in capital which is boosted more by differences in foreign currencies. On the other hand, smaller companies neither have the ability nor the need to expand their workforce and operations into other countries. Foreign direct investment is not only useless to them, but it also creates an avenue for their workers to be pirated by larger foreign companies. Therefore it can be concluded that globalization is value neutral when it comes improving the economy of low income countries. Both India and the Philippines experienced long colonized rule which resulted to staggering economies in both cases. Yet after their freedom from their respective conquerors, the economics as well as other aspects of advancement in either country took different turns. Economically, India lagged behind the Philippines for many years proceeding World War II, but India’s investment in education eventually paid off. The Indian government sets aside as much as 55% of the national budget for the development of basic and tertiary education from since 1968 (Basham, 2005). The Philippines also allocates considerable budget in education but rampant corruption in the country prevents any authentic development from occurring. As a result, the country fared consistently low in successive Trends in Mathematics and Science Studies examinations conducted in 1999 and 2004 (Basham, 2005). The trends brought about by education reflect the quality of labor that a country has to offer and consequentially, the strength of its economy. While outsourcing western companies still obtain services from the Philippines for their call centers and medical transcription needs, they go to India for specialized and technological professional services. Therefore it can be concluded that advances in education equate to advances in a country’s economy. It also holds true that countries that make considerable genuine investments in their education system develop a citizenry that fares relatively better in the international job market than countries who do not. In conclusion, there are indeed varying rates of economic development present in low income countries. These rates are partly dictated by trends in globalization and in education. It is imperative for less developed countries to take heed of their neighboring countries’ actions and follow suit, or risk being left behind by a rapidly evolving world economy.

Literature reveiw for my dissertation. (how relationship marketing can Essay

Literature reveiw for my dissertation. (how relationship marketing can boost company images in the car industry with specific emphasis on the issue of trust.) - Essay Example The findings of this research will provide insight of the car industry that started as early as 1769. At that time having a car was something that was left for the rich thus the marketing strategies were not taken very seriously by those who were producing cars. This is because the industry was not ventured into by so many people thus competition was very low. The automobile industry started with steam cars, coal gas cars to recently where cars are using unleaded fuel. The car industry has continued to expand as very many companies have ventured in this business to meet the demand of cars world wide. Today, cars are not considered as a luxury but as a necessity. For this reason, car industries have seen the need of employing marketing strategies to ensure that their cars sell. In trying to attract customers, car industries keep coming up with new models of cars every time. There has been a consideration of all kinds of people in coming up with better and easy to handle cars. For inst ance, the automatic cars are made for the disabled people. Moreover, they can be used by any one who does not know how to drive because they are easy to understand and handle. Car industries have seen the importance of having strategic marketing plans thus the knowledge of what is going around in this industry. That is, what are the needs of their customers and what are their competitors doing to win very many clients. With such knowledge, this industry has seen the need of carrying out the SWOT analysis that helps the different car firms to know how they are going to differentiate their products and services from their competitors. This enables them to find out ways in which they are going to build customer trust as they carry out research, analyses it and then come up with new and better strategies of keeping their customers. Such research focuses mostly on what the customer needs and not the company (Ledgerwood, 2006, pp. 95-100). It is the quality of the car that matters and not the quantity and how cheap it is. Car industries are now bound to making cars that can last longer and are safe. Customers need to be assured that their vehicles will not breakdown after ten days of buying them. Once a customer buys a vehicle, they always want to know how long it can last on the road. Trust will be built if the car industry tells the truth. Customers become very disappointed when they are assured that a car will last for five to eight years then it only serves them for two years. If such a thing happens, then that brand is surely going to lose market (Ennew, 2006, pp. 94-100). Safety is another issue; customers need to be assured that the vehicles they are buying have the best safety products like safety belts and air bags. With the number of car accidents increasing world wide, safety has become a first priority when purchasing cars.

Andy Warhol as Designer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Andy Warhol as Designer - Essay Example The essay "Andy Warhol as Designer" analyzes an American artist, Andy Warhol. Pop art is classified as postmodernism type of art. As a pop artist, Warhol was capable of using different art techniques including: blotted-line ink style or monoprints, hand-painting with paint drips, silk-screens, oxidation paintings, and Rorschach blots among others. Because of his personal desire to become a successful business artist, Warhol eventually concentrated on the use of silk-screen in mass producing his work of art. Discussing the differences in the motivating techniques adopted by the modernist and postmodernist artists is useful in terms of determining how Warhol is unique from other famous artists. The personality of an artist could affect the art technique used in a given art design. Knowing that Warhol has a strong detachment over emotional feelings to his environment, it is easier on the part of the readers to understand the factors that triggered Warhol to come up with a creative way o f reproducing a piece of art design. As part of the modern art movement which took place in England and America during the late 20th century, pop art involved using the popular imagery of the time as subject a matter for art. The movement was contemptuous and mocked many aspects of the modern world such as: comic strips, consumer products, and advertising through the use of celebrities. Andy Warhol – an American painter, printmaker and filmmaker earned the title â€Å"Pope of Pop Art† for playing an important role in pop art.

Case 2 scientific investigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case 2 scientific investigation - Essay Example w Lo and Dmitry Repin, the two scholars utilized psycho physiological equipment to evaluate heart rate, skin conductance and blood pressure on traders executing real-time trading. Results showed that the experienced traders had a lower physiological reactivity to disturbing and abrupt information. Additionally, Oblechner (2004) discovered "emotional stability is equally important for a successful trader." Traders whose emotional reactions to losses and gains on the extreme positive or negative side show poor trading performance meaning a negative relation between emotional reactivity and successful trading behavior. (Lo and Repin, 2005) Overconfident traders have a tendency of trading too frequently and appear to ignore danger signs concerning their positions. According to Biais et al., 2001, overconfidence is related to sub-par performance amongst traders in an experimental environment and that overconfident traders stay with underachieving stock for a long time and sell their winning stocks too early leading to underperformance in the market. Self-awareness is an increased consciousness of ones own emotional and physical state. Traders who have self-awareness have logical reasoning behind all their behaviors and choices. Traders with self-awareness have a high emotional intelligence associated with long term success rate. (Biais et al,

Who is Jeffrey Dahmer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Who is Jeffrey Dahmer - Research Paper Example Certain incidents of his life are in line to shape his personality as a murderer, however, it cannot be stated as the reason to give anyone freehand to do what he was up to. This paper will analyze the character of Jeffery Dahmer as a murderer who was involved in doing illicit homosexual activities and finally killing and humiliating the corpses of his victims during his criminal life. According to his parents stated opinion, Dahmer was initially cool minded and also had group activities with his friends and classmates but after his surgery of hernia when he was only six years old, his personality as a whole showed a number of transformations. Hernia surgery of Dahmer can be categorized as the first incidence of Dahmer’s life that brought some mental problems in his life as he shifted from being a normal child to a child showing abnormal traits. (Davis, 1991). Later on, he moved from his residential place to Bath Ohio that added to his seclusion, as he has to leave all his mat es. He started showing interest in school newspapers giving criminal stories. He also developed a taste for drinking (Masters, 1993). As a student, he was not good and showed little concern towards his studies. The harsh realities of life distracted his father and mother. Their disconnection added fuel to his negative personality and his father was unable to show proper concern towards a son who started as being negative as a teenager. His mother left him and his father had to move from one place to another place in connection with the business besides developing an illicit relationship with another woman. After separation from his mom, he felt himself more insecure and abandoned. His being left friendless and abandoned compelled him to walk on a path, which was not at all tolerable for a society where moral values and ethics matter (Masters, 1993). His activities were totally against the moral values of a society having a motto â€Å"Live and Let Live†. During his studies at Ohio State University, unlike a student-like attitude, Dahmer showed no interest in his studies and was involved in massive drinking habits. University administration took him to the task many times for his indifferent attitude but their actions failed to put him on the right track. Under his father’s pressurized persistence, Dahmer joined the Army for a period of six years in the year 1979. His father considered that by joining the force, he would be able to rectify his personality and personal problems but his habits of drinking were uncontrollable. He was unable to continue his profession in Army and got out within a period of two years only. (Davis, 1991). After being discharged from Army, he was so mentally disturbed that he got involved in more drinking and establishing illicit and illegal relationship with his friends. One such initial incident that took place in his life was with a 19 years old boy named Steven whom he invited to his father’s home to drink and to have sex with him. He drank frequently during the sexual intercourse. Dahmer’s first kill was this boy as he was hit hard on his head for his struggle to leave Dahmer. Dahmer not only killed the boy but also chopped up his body into many pieces and put the pieces in plastic bags and put in the wooden box around his father’s property. After a considerable period of time, he opened up the wooden box and smashed bones and head of Steven for placing in the forest. This shows that Dahmer was mentally not absent minded, as he knew that he had to hide what he had done wrong. His age was 18 years when he murdered mentioned boy (Davis, 1991). Jeffery Dahmer continued to