Leadership & Vision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Initiative and Vision - Essay Example Along these lines, a dream that mostly reflects obscure dreams or thing(s) of creative mind might be disconnected from the real world (Bogler and Nir, 2001). Initiative is complementary, happening among individuals. Authority is a people movement, particular from regulatory paper rearranging or critical thinking exercises. Administration is dynamic and includes the utilization of intensity (Daft, 1997). So as to include and propel the workers and to impart a feeling of proprietorship among representatives, associations complete numerous exercises. Sharing the vision and objectives of the organization is one of the most down to earth and productive methods of ingraining the feeling of possession among workers. This way of thinking bolstered by a visionary authority constructs trust and trust further makes a feeling of proprietorship. In the earth of trust and possession, by and large objectives and goals of the organization are comprehended by the representatives in a superior manner bringing about better execution by the workers exclusively as well as aggregately by the organization or association. Workers must be enabled to make a move dependent based on their comprehension of various circumstances and situations inside the association. This strengthening will build up their critical thinking ability and they will end up being a piece of the comprehensive view. This strengthening would not be conceivable without sound authority.

Why should I be considered for the Education for Children with Diabetes Foundation Scholarship?

I accept that I am a perfect contender to be considered for the Education for Children with Diabetes Foundation grant as I have the essential abilities, information, experience, and above all else the longing to defeat my illness, which would assist me with getting effective in my future vocation. Fundamentally, any malady, ailment, or incapacitation can be disadvantageous to anybody. For my situation, I was determined to have type I diabetes when I was a youngster. Be that as it may, rather than permitting my condition to cut me down and debilitate me, I utilized it as a springboard to achieve my objectives in life.While numerous individuals felt sorry for me and felt frustrated about me due to my ailment, I didn't feel a similar path for myself. Rather than floundering in self indulgence, I utilized my infection as my inspiration and motivation to demonstrate to everybody that in spite of my condition, I could do anything I need in the event that I simply buckle down for it. At fir st, it was hard to conform with the impacts of type I diabetes as I needed to watch the food eat and I must be continually infused with insulin.However, as I grew up, I in the long run became acclimated to my illness, and as time passed, my condition turned into a piece of my regular daily existence, which I scarcely gave any consideration to. As I fight with diabetes, I constantly molded my brain and my body to concentrate on the job that needs to be done, which is to complete secondary school and move to a more significant level of instruction. Rather than concentrating on the negative part of my condition, I concentrated on the positive side of it and therefore, I had the option to live a generally typical life.Basically, in any event, when the intricacies of my condition were causing me a ton torment, my aphorism was â€Å"Keep your eyes on the prize,† which precisely what I have been doing for my entire life. I kept up my attention on the â€Å"prize,† which is to complete school and accordingly, I had the option to get passing marks in my group regardless of my sickness and I had the option to arrive at the senior year of my secondary school effortlessly. I was likewise ready to partake in different school exercises, for example, b-ball, swimming, and running, among others.In expansion, my condition had the option to ingrain in me discipline in accomplishing my objectives and yearnings. Despite the fact that there were a great deal of allurements, for example, smoking and overwhelming drinking, I had the option to oppose them as I probably am aware it could compound my disease, one way or the other. As it were, my diabetes had the option to shield me from awful impacts and keep me from being occupied from my objective. As such, I considered my to be as a greater amount of an open door as opposed to a weakness and as a gift instead of a curse.I have never felt embarrassed about my illness as I probably am aware it would make me a superior in dividual and show me a ton exercises throughout everyday life. My diabetes is fundamentally an open door for me to demonstrate to others that I can at present carry on with an ordinary life and still exceed expectations in the things I do in spite of my condition. What's more, it is additionally an open door for me to show to other youngsters who are burdened with the sickness that their diabetes ought to never be a deterrent to arriving at their dreams.In different words, the ailment empowered me to set a genuine guide to others who have diabetes or different diseases. Also, I considered it to be a gift since now I get an opportunity to get a grant due to my illness and help reduce my parents’ costs for my instruction. Moreover, the illness made me esteem my folks more as they were the ones who consistently thought about me as I combat with diabetes and guaranteed that I get decent instruction. In such manner, I accept that my mentality towards my diabetes would significantl y help me as I enter college.As I adapted to my infection, I have taken in a great deal of exercises, for example, duty, the estimation of difficult work, penance, tolerance, and modesty, which I trust I would have the option to apply when I attend a university and when I grow up and face this present reality. So, my diabetes as showed me a ton of real factors in this world and accordingly I have developed a more grounded individual who is prepared to battle all the troubles and deterrents I would look, all things considered. In any case, what separates me from different candidates is my obsession to turn out to be better each day regardless of whether I have a disease.Ever since I found that I have type I diabetes, I have committed myself to turning out to be better every day while ensuring that I watch my wellbeing. Furthermore, I have additionally indicated incredible energy in find out about my ailment through perusing and examining as I probably am aware this would assist me wi th forestalling entanglements as I grow up. In the event that I am honored and lucky enough to be given the Education for Children with Diabetes Foundation Scholarship, I will try sincerely so I would accomplish my fantasies about getting profoundly talented and exceptionally skilled in my calling and demonstrate to everybody that I am deserving of the scholarship.In expansion, on the off chance that I am admitted to the grant program, I would likewise empower individuals determined to have the illness to never lose expectation and continue pushing ahead to arrive at their objectives. To put it plainly, my demeanor towards my illness, my devotion to my objectives, and, all the more critically my energy and want to achieve my fantasies in spite of my infection, makes me more than qualified to be given the Education for Children with Diabetes Foundation Scholarship.

Mesopotamian and Egyptian Religion and Art Essay - 825 Words

Mesopotamian and Egyptian Religion and Art (Essay Sample) Content: Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameProfessorSubjectDateMesopotamian and Egyptian religion and artIt is common for scholars to try and attempt to compare the Mesopotamian and the Egyptian way of worship, practices and art. This is because while both share certain fundamental values that shaped their kingdoms and ways of lives there also so exist many ways the two differ, an aspect that has particularly drawn scholarly interest. Thus, it is important to point out that while there do exist similarities, there also exist differences that the two cultures are characterized. This paper will critically assess the common grounds that define the Mesopotamian and Egyptian religion and art while also pointing out the key factors that make them uniquely different that have helped shaped them.The similaritiesWhen analyzing both societiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ religion, it is noted that both pay allegiance to the gods. In fact, both societies had an extreme notion on this that they held strict reverence to it, and anyone found disrespecting the Gods would be punished ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "URL" : "/topic/Mesopotamian-religion", "accessed" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2015", "6", "21" ] ] }, "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Jacobsen", "given" : "Thorkild", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2014" ] ] }, "page" : "1-13", "title" : "Mesopotamian religion", "type" : "webpage" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=36abc9a3-df06-40f8-b0e4-20aa121b1670" ] }, { "id" : "ITEM-2", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Mark, Joshua", "given" : "J", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Ancient History Encyclopedia", "id" : "ITEM-2", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2013" ] ] }, "title" : "Ancient Egyptian Cultur e", "type" : "article-journal" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=4391b1d2-068d-4846-8617-dd71450f4f22" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Jacobsen; Mark, Joshua)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Jacobsen; Mark, Joshua)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Jacobsen; Mark, Joshua)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Jacobsen; Mark, Joshua). For example, the Egyptians believed that through their carvings that they owed their entities to god. Similarly, the Mesopotamian religion proves no different in this vice because they too believed in their gods. For example, through the Hittite Double-Headed Eagle, the Mesopotamians drew from it the inspiration that on seeing the Hittite Storm God standing on his bull, they had the God of fertility ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Chariton", "given " : "Jesse. D", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Journal of Undergraduate Research XIV", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2011" ] ] }, "page" : "1-13", "title" : "The Mesopotamian Origins of the Hittite Double-Headed Eagle", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "XIV" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=6f32ced0-64bd-4121-b4cb-47fe1f27c520" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Chariton)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Chariton)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Chariton)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Chariton). In fact, ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Chariton", "given" : "Jesse. D", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Journal of Undergraduate Research XIV", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2011" ] ] }, "page" : "1-13", "title" : "The Mesopotamian Origins of the Hittite Double-Headed Eagle", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "XIV" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=6f32ced0-64bd-4121-b4cb-47fe1f27c520" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Chariton)", "manualFormatting" : "Chariton", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Chariton)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Chariton)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }Chariton notes that there exist dozens of manifestations on the symbol of the double-headed motif that the Mesopotamians related to god. Thus, both believed that the gods were important to their lives and helped shape them to fear the gods.Moreover, both religions were polytheists, in that they recognized and paid allegiance to many gods. For example, the Egyptians believed that they had other gods , which the living god, the Pharaoh, linked them to ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Mark, Joshua", "given" : "J", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Ancient History Encyclopedia", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2013" ] ] }, "title" : "Ancient Egyptian Culture", "type" : "article-journal" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=4391b1d2-068d-4846-8617-dd71450f4f22" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Mark, Joshua)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Mark, Joshua)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Mark, Joshua)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Mark, Joshua). The Mesopotamians are no different in the perception. For example, in the Hittite Double-Headed Eagle, ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITE M-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Chariton", "given" : "Jesse. D", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Journal of Undergraduate Research XIV", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2011" ] ] }, "page" : "1-13", "title" : "The Mesopotamian Origins of the Hittite Double-Headed Eagle", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "XIV" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=6f32ced0-64bd-4121-b4cb-47fe1f27c520" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Chariton)", "manualFormatting" : "Chariton", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Chariton)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Chariton)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }Chariton notes that they had many carvings that they alleged to different gods. For instance, he identifies that the reliefs on the Eagle supporting figures 45 and 46 in Chambe r A were thought to represent to represent the storm God, far from the belief that seeing the Hittite Storm God standing on his bull symbolizing the god of fertility. This implies that both societies were deeply rooted in their perception of religion, which made them define an array of gods and goddesses to shape their living structure then a culture that is present today.It is also noted that the art practiced by both societies were similar. By analyzing their artistic skills, it is found that both had a characteristic of making carvings that they perceived as gods and goddesses that acted as sources of supreme power. For example, the Egyptian culture is famous for the pyramids that they are accredited for the advances of geometry and technology on construction advancement ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Mark, Joshua", "given" : "J", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, " suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Ancient History Encyclopedia", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2013" ] ] }, "title" : "Ancient Egyptian Culture", "type" : "article-journal" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=4391b1d2-068d-4846-8617-dd71450f4f22" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Mark, Joshua)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Mark, Joshua)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Mark, Joshua)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Mark, Joshua). On the other hand, despite not artistically advanced as the Egyptians, the Mesopotamian culture also valued carvings as noted by the Hittite Double-Headed Eagle carving ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Chariton", "given" : "Jesse. D", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Journal of Undergraduate Research XIV", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2011" ] ] }, "page" : "1-13", "title" : "The Mesopotamian Origins of the Hittite Double-Headed Eagle", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "XIV" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=6f32ced0-64bd-4121-b4cb-47fe1f27c520" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Chariton)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Chariton)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Chariton)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Chariton).Therefore, both cultures had several major foundations that they shared. These foundations were held strictly and thus helped shape not only their way of life then, but has also proven critical to their cultures today, as seen, for instance, with the advancement in geometry in Egypt, and the strict religious grounds both cultures have ended up withholding.The differencesDespite the simil...

Movie Review O Brother, Where Art Thou - 1305 Words

O Brother, Where Art Thou? is a film that will surely make you want to fall out of your chair laughing, and make you want to get up and dance. This film is an absolute classic. It is hilarious, adventurous, and makes you feel good about yourself. The most unique thing about this film is the main characters break out of jail for the wrong reason, and then go on a wild chase trying to get home. Another unique part about this film is that the main character is currently divorced and wanting to remarry his ex-wife. The film, O Brother, Where Art Thou? is a classic comedy because it has well-rounded characters, adventure, and a little bit of love. There are several aspects of a film that will make a good comedy. A good comedy needs well-rounded characters, adventure, and a love story. If a film has well-rounded characters the viewer can relate to them in some way. If a film has adventure there is never a dull moment that will lull the viewer to sleep, and it’s packed full of crazy obstacles the characters have to pull through. If there is a love story of some kind, serious or funny, it will keep the viewer interested throughout the entire film, and keep the viewer wondering what is going to happen in the end. When a comedy has these things it will surely be a good comedic film. O Brother, Where Art Thou? is based off of Homer’s The Odyssey. After breaking out of jail, Everett, Pete, and Delmar make their way to Everett’s hometown where a treasure has been buried. They haveShow MoreRelatedO Brother Where Art Thou1597 Words   |  7 Pages12, 2008 Film Analysis â€Å"O Brother Where Art Thou† This old time musical theatrical movie clip was an insightful blast from the past that made you cherish those days where it was inconceivable to not be a gentlemen, and it was a down right shame to be anything less then an honest women. This old time movie with a new age attitude definitely strikes the funny bone of any modern day movie watcher. â€Å"The opening titles inform us that the Coen Brothers O Brother, Where Art Thou is based on Homers TheRead MoreThe s Epic The Odyssey And The Movie O Brother, Where Art Thou?848 Words   |  4 PagesI have watched O’ Brother, Where Art Thou? hundreds of times before taking this class, but until now I had no idea that it was largely based on The Odyssey, by Homer. When I reviewed the movie I realized that it is almost a parallel to The Odyssey. To summarize the film O’ Brother, Where Art Thou?, Ulysseus Everett McGill, played by George Clooney, is doing time in Mississippi. He ends up scamming his way off the chain gang accompanied by Delmar, played by Tim Blake Nelson, and Pete, played by johnRead MoreThe Odyssey and O Brother, Where Art Thou: Two Relevant Pieces?1872 Words   |  8 PagesOdyssey and O Brother, Where Art Thou: Two Relevant Pieces? 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Summary and Conclusions Appendix: A Review of the Literature on Rastafari Notes Selected Bibliography Index 3 7 29 41 67 79 97 117 127 141 171 185 This page intentionally left blank Rastafari This page intentionally left blank Introduction Since its emergenceRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesThe nature of marketing The management process Strategic decisions and the nature of strategy The marketing/strategy interface Summary xi xiii 1 3 3 7 11 19 37 41 43 45 45 50 53 70 71 75 77 79 79 80 81 86 88 89 101 102 104 107 109 Stage One: Where are we now? Strategic and marketing analysis 2 Marketing auditing and the analysis of capability 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Learning objectives Introduction Reviewing marketing effectiveness The role of SWOT analysis Competitive advantage and theRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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Hy2254 Pop Culture in Singapore Term Paper What Does the...

Question Number amp; the question: ------------------------------------------------- 4. What does the history of television demonstrate about the wider context of Singapore’s history in the post-1965 period? Roadmap for Analysis 1. Introduction 1 2. Television and Society’s Changing Values 2 3. Television as a mirror of the Government’s goals 5 4. Television as a reflection of Singapore society’s maturing preferences 6 5. Conclusion 7 6. Bibliography 7 ------------------------------------------------- 1. Introduction Television was introduced to Singapore in 1963 by Radio and Television of Singapore, under close regulation by a department within the government’s Ministry of Culture. Today, local free-to-air television†¦show more content†¦As evidenced by the figures mentioned earlier, enjoying television shows were largely a communal affair between the 60s and 80s. As it progressed from being an activity enjoyed as a community (in community centres) to being an activity enjoyed with one’s family (at home), we see a shift in viewing habits, as television watching gradually became a more personal activity, as the average amount of people which the average person viewed television with became smaller. The number of channels available for viewing also increased, thus granting greater autonomy to television viewers. In 1963, there were 2 channels – Channel 5 and Channel 8, which broadcasted programmes in English and Chinese respectively. By 1985, there were four channels; Prime 12 and Premiere 12 were added, designed to offer public service and minority language programming. Thus there was a significant increase in the variety of choices which television viewers had at their disposal. With greater choice in selecting what they wanted to watch, the masses definitely became less united in the programmes they watched, as there were now specific channels to cater to a variety of needs, thus contributing to the gradual shift from collectivism to individualism in Singapore society. The shift from collectivism to

Australian Taxation Authority

Question: Discuss about the assessable income of an individual. Answer: Part A Introduction Assessable income of an individual is the income of that person that is subjected to income tax by the Australian Taxation Authority (ATO) provided such income exceeds the tax-free threshold limit stipulated by the ATO[1]. There are various sources of assessable income that are considered by the ATO while arriving at the tax liability of an individual. In the given case scenario, David is a medical practitioner who has to discontinue his practice due to his illness. The income from practicing is considered to be personal service income of a person. In a similar manner, deductions are available to an individual that are set off against assessable income of an individual[2]. David has other sources of income such as income from investment, dividend and income from rent. The primary objective of this essay is to evaluate and determine that whether deductions can be claimed for compulsory costs that are required to be incurred by David during his period of illness against his assessable income[3]. Elaborate of the above mentioned points. The introduction should be 10% of the total word count allotted. Body (Do not include this heading while writing the final piece) Discuss of the following points: Assessable income of medical practitioners Deductions available and their types Analysis of the case with reference to the provisions of the law stipulated in the ITAA 1997. This portion will include the opinion of the author in light of the legislative provisions and rules stipulated by the ATO. Conclusion A brief summary of the points discussed above. It should also be 10% of the word count. Part B To David Sub: Advise on your assessable income and deductions that can be availed Ref: It can be a letter dated **/**/**** Dear David, Discuss the following: Important issues related to the case Legislative provisions applicable Advise on the matter and a detailed discussion of whether deductions can be claimed Thanking you. Yours sincerely, ABC Solicitors References INCOME TAX ASSESSMENT ACT 1997(2016) Austlii.edu.au Part 10 - Tax Planning For Doctors - Mcmasters' Accountants(2016) Mcmasters.com.au What To Include In Your Assessable Income | Australian Taxation Office(2016) Ato.gov.au [1] What To Include In Your Assessable Income | Australian Taxation Office (2016) Ato.gov.au [2] INCOME TAX ASSESSMENT ACT 1997 (2016) Austlii.edu.au [3] Part 10 - Tax Planning For Doctors - Mcmasters' Accountants (2016) Mcmasters.com.au.

Therapeutic Nursing Analysis free essay sample

Therapeutic nursing is a very vital component of nursing. . Neal (2003, p100) states a therapeutic relationship can be described as being between nurse and patient and is based on patients’ needs for care assistance and guidance. It is a relationship that is established solely to meet the patient’s needs and therefore, is therapeutic in nature. Chambers et al (2005, p303) suggest interpersonal and therapeutic relationships are at the center of nursing work, the relationship that exists between nurse and patient can often provide the energy and be the catalyst, the motivation and the source of strength to continue with treatment or face difficult sometimes life threatening situations. I feel there is a need to establish a therapeutic relationship with your patient in order to build a relationship with them that will allow you to be able to fully meet their needs. So often health care workers are unable to meet a person needs simply because they are unaware of what those needs are. We will write a custom essay sample on Therapeutic Nursing Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Cutcliff (2005, p57) states that you can gain comfort from drawing on your interpersonal skills (therapeutic) and having seven skills within yourself. These are: 1. Strength 2. Endurance 3. Feeling self- confident and brave 4. Competent 5. Independence 6. At peace with self 7. Sense of value Freshwater et al (2005, p101) suggests the nurse patient relationship can be viewed as a major therapeutic tool of effective patient care. McHugh Schuster (200, p7) sates that communication plays an important role in the therapeutic relationship. Clark Bridge (1998, p2) suggest that forms of communication such as asking questions, allowing patients to express their feelings, or reassuring patients by means of touch will also result in important patient care, and increase patient satisfaction and well- being. Nichols (cited in McQueen 2000, p723-731) also suggests that the nurse is the central figure in the patient care and is best placed to provide much of the psychological care and this demands good interpersonal skills to form a therapeutic relationship with patients and to communicate more effectively with relatives and other health professionals. Communication covers a wide range of things including touch, play, and enthusiasm. Touch is important as it showed that I was listening to the patient’s, touch can mean different things, and it is a silent language of non- verbal behavior. Touch is an affectionate way of transmitting warmth. Not all people are comfortable with using touch so it’s important to know the boundaries with each individual patient, which you learn through communication. Another non- verbal communication skill could be silence giving both the patient and the health care worker time to reflect upon prior or future events in the patient’s care. Although it is important that the patient’s needs are still met and that the focus is still on them. Therefore it is important that the nurse involves the patient through other means of communication which again could be through touch or play. The NMC (2004) states that the nurse must recognize and respect the role of the patient/client as partners in their care and the contribution they can make to it. This would be the phase of identification in Peplau’s (1988) model of the nurse patient relationship. Peplau (cited in Hinchliff et al 2003, p130) views the nurse patient relationship as passing through four phases. They are as follows: 1. Orientation 2. Identification 3. Exploitation 4. Resolution Riley (cited in Cutcliffe et al 2005, p304) suggests that therapeutic relationships are about patient’s disclosure of personal and occasionally painful feelings with the nurse at a calculated emotional distance near enough to be involved but objective enough to be of help. Neal (cited in Hinchliffe et al 2003, p102) states that confidentiality and trust are two sides to the same coin and trust is another important attribute to the therapeutic relationship as the patient will place their trust in the nurse. Therapeutic care does not only exist in nursing care but should also be seen in every day interactions with people that you come in contact with on a daily basis. In order to fully understand therapeutic care as a concept, I have reviewed the original definition of this word. The dictionary definition states â€Å"providing good effects of your mind or body†, â€Å"of or relating to the treatment of illness†. Based on the definitions listed above there are some attributes that should be noted with effective therapeutic care. These include but are not limited to: 1. Therapeutic care is healthy 2. Therapeutic care is wholesome 3. Therapeutic care is alleviative 4. Therapeutic care is corrective 5. Therapeutic care is tonic 6. Therapeutic care does note judge based on race, creed, sex or financial basis Model Case An elderly homeless man admitted to the nursing home. He has no insurance nor does he have any support from his family to assist with the financial cost of the facility. The nurse admitting and assessing the patient knows the issues that the patient is dealing with financially. The nurse takes the time to talk to the patient, reassuring him that all things will work out for the best. She informs him of the support services offered through the facility, educates him on the facility therapy benefits, meal times, call- light and rest room locations. She also assisted him to warm shower, reassurance through touch with a nice back wash and light massage with the application of lotion and lastly clean clothes. The model case shows how health care staff can provide full therapeutic care while simply treating people the way anyone should be treated. The nurse took the time to hear the man situation and offer reassurance and referral services to assist in making his transformation easier. Contrary Case An elderly homeless man was admitted to the nursing home. He has no insurance nor does he have any support from his family to assist with the financial cost of the facility. The nurse admitting and assessing the patient knows the issues that the patient is dealing with financially. The nurse advises the man that he will need some means of payment and very soon because the facility can’t provide free service long. She asks â€Å"what did you do to your family to make them not deal with you†. The nurse speaks very fast and short with the man, and shows no care or concern for his well-being. She directs him to the shower room yet does not offer any assistance. Lastly she tells him to enjoy his short visit here unless he acquires some financial assistance. There were no gestures of therapeutic care seen in Contrary case because the nurse never took the time to see the gentleman as being worthy of her care. She allowed her nursing duty and human duty of giving simple therapeutic common concern to be clouded with his lack of finances and his current living situation. Borderline Case An elderly homeless man was admitted to the nursing home. He has no insurance nor does he have any support from his family to assist with the financial cost of the facility. The nurse admitting and assessing the patient knows the issues that the patient is dealing with financially. The nurse takes the time to talk to the patient, reassuring him that all things will work out for the best. She neglects to inform him of the support services offered through the facility, nor does she educate him on the facility therapy benefits, meal times, call- light and rest room locations. She does assist him to warm shower, yet barely touching him. Lastly she does give him clean clothes. The nurse in the borderline case did some of the things she should have done however she didn’t do a lot of things she should have. She was clouded by his current situation yet somewhere in her heart part of her still wanted to try and assist the gentleman. Her bad attributes truly outweighed her good because she should always offer full therapeutic care to the mind and body if given the opportunity. Invented case An elderly tiger allowed to join a community of young tigers. He has some obvious physical disabilities and does not show any positive signs of making a full recovery without assistance. A middle aged female tiger takes notice to him and decides to care for him the way she cared for her ill father before he passed. She nursed his wounds, provided him with food and showed him where to find fresh water. She spent time with him, sometimes in silence and other times with soft sounds and back rubs. They exercised together and shared personal inside jokes. He soon made a full recovery and was able to fully care for himself again. Illegitimate uses of the term therapeutic would be when someone uses therapeutic gestures to gain something for themselves like trying to obtain information that has no bearing on the person’s well-being. Some people may pretend to care about someone’s well-being for financially or materialistic gain. They may offer some therapeutic care like a massage or assistance with a shower just to gain information when they know they have no true desire to help in order to benefit the person in return. Antecedent and Consequence Antecedents for Therapeutic care 1. Having someone whom you can assist 2. Wanting to help someone 3. Assurance that overall therapeutic assistance will not cause harm Consequences for Therapeutic care 1. Increases someone’s overall well-being 2. Feel needed by health care provider 3. Adds quality to someone’s day 4. Shows growth as a person overall Empirical Referent The measurement of therapeutic care would surely require more non-direct research in order to give a more accurate conclusion. These would include but not limited to: 1. Observation of people interacting with total strangers 2. Interviewing people that were assessed by health care professionals 3. Speaking to people that offered a kind word, touch or gesture and inquire into how it made them feel

Sociology Essay Example

Sociology Essay Example Sociology Essay Sociology Essay In sociology, a sect is a type of religious (or political) group which stands apart from a larger well-established social group. Usually, sects appear as the result of contradictions, misunderstandings and disputes between the members of large social groups on important matters or principles. Historically, members of sects were considered to be heretics and it was quite common practice among our ancestors to condemn and destroy them. From historical perspective, the term sect was greatly explained by famous British sociologist Bryan Williams, who dedicated his life to researching the issues of the relationships between religious minorities and sectarianism. In his book Religion in Sociological Perspective he wrote: In English, it is a term that designates a religiously separated group, but in its historical usage in Christendom it carried a distinctly pejorative connotation. A sect was a movement committed to heretical beliefs and often to ritual acts and practices that departed from orthodox religious procedures. (Williams, 1982) This term was introduced in sociology in 1930s by world’s prominent sociologists Max Weber and Ernst Troeltsch. In their theoretical works they described sects as the religious groups, which were formed to protest against some postulates or dogmas of the parental religion. Other sociologists were developing the ideas of Weber and Troeltsch, coming to different conclusions: some considered sects to be the carriers of purified versions of the religious beliefs, and the others argued that sects have â€Å"†¦ a unique and privileged access to the truth or salvation (Wallis, 1977)†. For example John Suburban monkey boy who was abandoned at the age of 2 and the only solicitation for him was with monkeys. Due to the fact that he only had limited solicitation and only with monkeys, he was found doing everything that only monkeys would do at the age of 14 was when he was discovered. Therefore even though his genetics meant he was human, the years of his life spent with the solicitation from monkeys, meant that when he was first found it seemed unreal that he was a human being. Likewise another case similar to this was when a Ukrainian girl who was discovered in the USA, who only had the solicitation of dogs. Therefore when discovered she could eat, wash etc as a dog would do and she wasnt capable of doing any actions a normal human being would be able to as she lacked experience of love, human care or social behavior. Therefore even though every human being has their genes and DNA, feral children that are deprived of the stimulation of human company, stripped of the opportunity to acquire human language in early life are barely recognizable as humans. In further detail culture lows humans to know language and from this comes shared meanings, norms, values, and roles which feral children lack and therefore they are not the same as normal human beings. Evidently sociologist Stuart Hall (1997) stated that humans are able to create meanings and make sense of the world because of language. Shared meanings are an important way to communicate due to the fact that over time each social group builds up shared understandings of the world. For example it is universal when someone waves their hand when meeting someone it is a shared meaning of another way to say hello. Therefore if shared meanings like this example was not there, then people would not communicate effectively. Culture also allows humans to have their own personal values, and therefore people live by their own principles in life such as love, truth etc. Therefore if culture did not give humans values, then people would not have principles to live by from their own beliefs or from their religion etc, because genetics cannot offer humans values. Also culture gives us norms which holds the social expectations of how people should or snouts Deanna. For example tons also ensures unmans nave manners as It Is norms o hold the door open for someone, therefore culture provides basic rules of what is acceptable or not acceptable in society. Moreover culture gives us roles which allows humans to acknowledge and learn what their individual role as a sister, brother, wife, husband etc which is changing over time to suit the generation. Therefore without roles, humans would not be able to acknowledge the important of relationships, which nature of the nature-nurture debate does not provide. Moreover Culture does play a big role in humans becoming completely human, as Norte Alias proves and tastes that throughout time there are changing attitudes towards the body, which ensures that human existence will always survive. For example Alias describes that people became more sensitive to the shame and disgust of bodily functions as they developed good manners and disciplined their bodies to act in a civilized way. This proves why humans are more aware of the importance of hygiene to survive and not have any diseases or viruses due to uncleanness. This proves why people are cleaner in todays society than they were years ago, when people used to throw access over the windows at that time. Genetics would not have been the cause of this change because in the nature argument it is believed that people stay the same throughout time. However if this is the case then there would not have been change towards hygiene and what is clean and not clean, therefore culture is the main reason for this. Another fact as to why Culture plays a big role in society is due to the fact that within different countries there is diversity. For example people in Africa dress and talk differently to people in the United Kingdom. Also not only do humans n different countries dress differently, they also eat different foods, talk in different languages etc. This shows that genetics as part of the nature argument is wrong because surely if everyone had human genes then they should be acting the same, dressing the same, eating the same etc. However because this is not the case it proves that genetics cannot be what makes people human, because there is no explanation of diversity within the nature side of the nature-nurture debate. This is why culture is needed to make a person human, and culture therefore dictates what s normal between one culture to another as there is diversity through places. On the other hand the statement is not completely correct because genetics provides human beings with survival instincts such as needing warmth, food, water etc. Therefore it is genetically wired into human beings, that they need to have these basic needs in order to survive. Therefore if genetics had no role to play within human beings lives then, it is more likely that humans would not exist today as they would not be aware of what their body needs such as food, which meaner they would be starving to death without even releasing. Additionally genetics also provides natural reflexes to human beings as another survival instinct such as flinching. If humans did not have natural reflexes then the outcome would be humans would not know when to move away from danger. For example if a human being touches a hot metal spoon they would automatically flinch away from the danger of burning themselves and this is what genetics provides and not culture. Also genetics does play an important role for people to become human due to the fact that there are identical twin case studies which found twins to be the same despite being operated at birth. For example sisters Paula Bemusement and Else were separated at Dealt Ana pope Y t a D Deterrent parents, never tenet lives were salary as teeny Don edited their high school newspapers, studied Film at University and became Writers. However they did not realizes this until they both met in the year of 2003 at the age of 35. This case study shows that even though the twins had different past histories, different lives and were brought up in different cultures, their personalities were similar. This proves that genetics does have a role in human beings personalities. Another example of identical twin case study is when in 2004, 2 year old Mitchell Socks from Manchester fell off a slide in his back garden and was taken to hospital. When taken to the hospital Mitchell had a check-up and doctors said that he had no problems and that he could go home. A few hours later Mitchell identical twin named Elliot, tripped over and fell off the same slide and had to be taken to hospital. Doctors examined him and the x-ray results showed he had broken his left arm, at the same time at home Mitchell left arm was hurting, when Doctors X-rayed him as well, they found that Mitchell left arm was broken too. Therefore this extraordinary case study proves that genetics does have a big role to play in peoples health and if it is genetically wired that a human being will have some kind of problem with their health, then regardless of their culture it will happen. This surely clarifies that genetics has a role to play and it isnt only culture that makes someone completely human. To conclude Sociologists would say that the statement of children requiring only culture to become fully human and that genes mean nothing is about 75% correct. This is because Sociologists would say that if Culture wasnt existent then owe would people be able to communicate with each other effectively if shared meanings did not exist, because nature of the nature-nature debate would not provide this to human beings. Also without culture sociologists believe that there would be no Values that people live by, no clear roles of how people should be and norms would not exist and this meaner that people would not have social expectations of how they should or should not behave. Sociologists also believe that if culture did not matter in peoples lives then why are there children who do not have primary solicitation with humans and only have solicitation with animals, why are they seen as almost not human in the case of no human solicitation; which surely proves the way people are is due to culture. Another reason as to why sociologists would agree more with the statement is because of the diversity of culture, they believe that if genetics only mattered then why are people different in the way they dress and what they eat in different countries. On the other hand sociologists would disagree with the statement about 25% because genetics provide survival instincts and natural reflexes in order for people to be aware of what their Asia needs are to survive and to stay away from a situation that would endanger their lives, this is what culture fails to provide for humans. Moreover sociologists believe that genetics have some form to play in human beings lives because if genetics didnt play a role then why are there identical twins who have been brought up in different cultures, still the same. Proving that genetics will play a role in human beings lives and personalities, despite different lifestyles and cultures. These are the reasons why sociologists believe that culture and genetics play a role in order to eke people fully human, however that culture has the bigger role. In my opinion I agree with what sociologists would say due to the fact that I believe culture makes us unman as It provides ten world Walt roles, values, Loveliest, snared meanings etc. However to make us fully human, genetics does play a role because without survival instincts and natural reflexes how would human beings even survive. Therefore in my opinion culture is more important in order to make us human, however I believe that genetics plays a role because it determines to some extent our personalities, interests etc.

Internet Technology, Marketing, and Security Essay - 1

Internet Technology, Marketing, and Security - Essay Example Billions of people visit websites every day, which increases the likelihood that the product be seen by the target audience. If we count the number of users in Facebook its size would be greater than even United Sates. People are spending more time on the internet to do online shopping than the traditional shopping in the malls (Zarrella, 2009). No one likes to wait in the long queues during their holiday season and rather choose and order from home. Answer 2 Advantages of Social Media Marketing The best thing of suing social media marketing is that it is free. Anyone can sign up to their Facebook, Twitter, Google+, LinkedIn, Pinterest and other countless sites free of cost and can build huge list of followers in their page and post about any new product or new advertisement that the company is coming out with. According to a recent survey by comScore, it was seen that around 98% of the online population living in USA uses Social Media sites, and worldwide out of every 10 people 6 us es social media forums. Hence it is ideal for businesses to reach out to new target customers and new markets where they have no presence. Through these networks professionals can interact and share ideas and discuss about important topic across boundaries in much lesser time than ever imagined. Hence one can use LinkedIn as a more professional site or Twitter to give quick updates or Facebook as more friendly and informal sites. Disadvantages of Social Media Marketing Social media marketing might not be free, but a business needs to take into consideration the time it takes to make new relationships, time it takes to catch their attention, make the sites look great. The company needs to spend time regularly to update their status and read new comments of the customers, like reviewing their suggestions, replying to their comments, accepting any new request etc. Any negative publicity will severely damage their reputation as it is seen worldwide by millions of fans following. Though there are a lot of Social media sites to choose and spread their networks, firms must understand the simple fact that they are just a needle in the haystack. They have to stand out from the crowd. It is easy for anyone to get frustrated with lack of response form the customers; hence they must have a clear thought out strategy. It is not easy to get a Facebook like from millions of people in the internet, and hence they must take their time to build the relationship. Answer 3 Pepsi launched their Pepsi Refresh Project in 2010. Pepsi funded people for their business ideas in areas like health, food and shelter, arts and culture, education and planet and neighborhoods. Pepsi measured the results of their campaign through the level of engagement between their customers and their brands, the level of social impact it created and the brand-equity results it created. It was seen that consumers felt that Pepsi as a cola making company cares about the community and their thinking of Pepsi a s an innovative and forward thinking brand was strengthened. Pepsi’s research showed that the consumers who knew about the Pepsi refresh project started to choose Pepsi over any other brand while buying any cola drink. It was also seen that the social network which Pepsi developed had the largest fan base as compared to any beverage company. It showed both the aspects of how these kinds of programs can be very successful and not

Financial Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Financial Resource Management - Essay Example Headquartered at Hertfordshire, Tesco plc is the grocery market leader of UK with over 30 % of the total market share. The company is also having its presence at Malaysia, Republic of Ireland and at Thailand. With around 2318 stores worldwide Tesco operates in 1878 stores within UK. Tesco was established with the amalgamation of T. E. Stockwell and Cohen with the success of the self-service grocery store and then it started expanding its business from small stores to large supermarkets. At a very fast pace it became a popular name on the mind of the households with the launch of the household goods and apparels. Then Tesco entered into the business of petrol stations selling fuels for competitive prices. With gradual revenue earning the company expanded even bigger with various other sectors like in Banking, Financial products and services (Data monitor, 2004, p.4). With the belief of a sustainable growth and well governed business the investors of the Tesco plc wants competitive ret urns of their investments or shareholdings. Transparency of the company’s operation plays a vital role in gaining the trust of the stakeholders and they expect the implementation of the robust strategies of the firm for a long-term progress. The major share holders of the company are Blackrock Inc who own 5.48% of the issued share capital and few others like Legal & General Investment Management Limited who owns 3.99 % and Berkshire Hathaway with 3.02 % of the total issued share capital of Tesco (Tesco Annual Report and Financial Statements 2011, 2011, p. 58). With the rapid growth of the company the company need to build its brand value by benefiting the stakeholders which includes its customers, staffs and shareholders. Tesco believe in maintaining its sustainable position in the market with quality service and increased customer value. The strong product line and the pillar brand name is the key to the success of the firm which help the company to differentiate itself with the competitors and helps the firm to meet the demand of the growing need of the customers. The gained trust by the company helps to understand the values of the firm by the customers which in turn help the company to diversify into new areas of services. The company is also involved in different benefiting community programs to attract more and more stakeholders being a responsible retailer. Tesco with a very responsible track record for its great values and customer services acts as the catalyst for the growth of the company. The brand building capability of and its increased emotional as well as the functional loyalty from the customers, staffs and shareholders contributed to a great extent for the profitability and the sustainable growth of the firm in the long run. The investments of the shareholders and other peoples provide a lot of support for building the opportunities and develop the brand which in turn allows the company to diversify for the benefits of the stakeholders (Tesco Annual Report and Financial Statements 2011, 2011, p. 40). Managing the stakeholders is one of the vital activities of the company that should be carried out to maintain a strong relation with the customers and other shareholders of the organization. Survey of the market situation and the present position of the firm are required to be carried out by the company for the sustainable growth of the firm. Engagement with the stakeholder helps the firm to identify the risk and opportunities that the firm could face in future.

Formal report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Formal report - Assignment Example This paper will give an overview of what social networking is about, what it is used for and will endeavor to give examples of companies and their social networking strategies. A social networking plan and recommendations will also be given specifically for Stone Shine, a stone cleaner product that the company, Deb Richey Co. launched online. A social network service is defined as â€Å"the grouping of individuals into specific groups, like small rural communities or a neighborhood subdivision† (Social, 2011). While the networking can be done physically such as in a workplace, or at school, social networking is most popular online. This is because the internet has transcended physical barriers and has made it possible for millions of people from all over the world to come together for a shared interest. Connecting is no longer impeded by the inability to physically come together. Social networking websites function like an online community of internet users (Social, 2011). Members communicate by email, forum posts, blogs, comments and instant messages. These are all features that can be made available by the varied social network sites. By becoming a member, these sites give every individual the chance to create his/her own profile. Having a personal profile lets members put personal information and define their personal interests, this is what sets social networking platforms apart from offline ones. There is ease of access to member information that makes it accessible to other members, making it easier for people to interact. The networking part also does not have to happen in real-time. This takes away the pressure of having to interact within a time frame, as with personal meetings, or whether to even react at all. Because there is this absence of pressure to connect plus the ease of access, social networking is a very enjoyable activity for lots of peo ple. Coupled with the fact that man is a social

The Invention of Air Conditioning :: essays research papers

Willis Haviland Carrier invented the first air conditioner in 1902. This was designed to boost the working process control in a printing plant. Carrier’s invention controlled temperature and humidity. The low heat and humidity helped keep the paper dimensions and ink alignment the same. Later his invention was used to populate productivity in the workplace. The Carrier Air Conditioning Company of America developed for the increasing demands. Gradually, air conditioning was used to help increase comfort in homes and cars. Residential sales increased rapidly in the 1950's. Carrier lived from 1876-1950. He graduated with a Masters in Engineering from Cornell University. One of Carrier’s first patents was awarded to him in 1906,â€Å"The Apparatus for Treating Air†. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers was given Willis Carrier’s formula for the Rational Psychrometric Formulae. The Carrier Engineering Corporation was formed in 1915. The factors for exponential growth for air-conditioning are the HVAC Market, energy, environment, communication, societal, political, preparing for the future, looking ahead, and the conclusion. Buildings of the U.S. use approximately 35% of the nation’s precise total of energy consumption. The worth of shipments by U.S. HVAC manufacturers was over $28 billion of 1996. Since there are 52,000 CHC chillers needed to be replaced among the U.S., there’s a large opportunity for new chillers, new technology for the HVAC industry. The ozone depletion is an international issue in which is currently being resolved. The 3rd world countries are still allowed to manufacture CFC’s. Illegal imports of CFC’S to the U.S. is a consistent concern. Many illegal imports are virgin CFC’s. Those whom have a political overtones are specifically the ones whom create a protectionism of local commerce, having a negative impact on those inside and out of the country.

Douglasian Cultural Model in Indian Context Essay

Introduction Today’s world is being dominated by daily innovations in technology and increasing globalization which helps organizations to spread and to operate globally in a successful way. Every organisation operating at a global level is trying to improve their financial profits. The success of such organizations greatly depends on their workforce and their decision-making capabilities. Many times the ethicality of such decisions have been questioned because of the profit driven strategies of these organizations. As Nobel Prize winner economist Milton Friedman quotes, â€Å"An executive’s responsibility generally will be to make as much money as possible while conforming to their basic rules of the society, both those embodied in law and those embodied in ethical custom.† The decision-making process and hence ethicality of the decisions in such organisations is greatly influenced by the culture of the workforce. Bartels (1967) was one of the first to note the importance of the role of culture in ethical decision-making. There are different studies which discuss the diversity of ethical decision-making based on different perspective for example, Vitell, Nwachukwu and Barnes, 1993 discuss the effect of culture on ethical decision-making with the help of Hofsted’s typology while Patel and Schaefer, 2009 discuss the same with the help of Douglasian Cultural Theory (CT) perspective in the Indian context. Summary Patel and Schaefer’s article discusses the impact of culture on ethical decision-making from a Douglasian Cultural Theory (CT) perspective. It explains the dynamic ethical behaviour of the individual with four solidarities of CT. The Article also discusses the business ethics in the Indian context. Authors argue that applying static conception of culture to the process of ethical decision-making in business results in several problems. The Authors propose CT as an alternative model to these static conceptions to avoid these problems. The Article says that every social system is ethically plural because of the presence of all four solidarities together. An Individual from different solidarities may have a different perception of an issue’s moral intensity which may lead to different levels of moral awareness and hence to different moral judgements. The Article explores the dynamicity and diversity of ethical decision-making in business using the CT framework within the I ndian context with examples of Amul, SEWA, Tata Steel, ONGC and Reliance. Strengths This article offers an alternative approach of CT stating the impact of culture on ethical decision-making process in business. Authors argue that applying the static conception of culture to the business ethics results in different problems like national stereotyping, focus on only national cultural aspect ignoring the other aspects and broad generalisation of culture at national level. This article strongly supports the scholars who challenge the essentialist culture approach like Hofstedian framework. Singh (1990) and Bosland (1985a) have shown that it is possible to have different scores on the four Hofstedian dimensions within the same country. Hence there is possibility of difference in ethical behaviour within the same country. The Authors also talk about the same ethical dynamicity in behaviour. The article powerfully illustrates the diversity in business ethics within Indian context using CT model. The Article talks about the different cultural patterns existing in same corporation at same time. This article supports the argument by Sathe (1985) which says that although, the term â€Å"corporate culture† is used as if organisations have a monolithic culture, most companies have more than one set of beliefs influencing the behaviour of employees. The Article also supports the Thompson’s (1997 a-c) theory who argues that same individual could be a member of different solidarities in different contexts which explains the different ethical behaviour of an individual at a different social context. Also the article studies the ethical practices of different types of companies and business entities to understand the business ethics beyond large private corporations with respect to all the four solidarities of CT. The article debates about the dynamicity of ethical decision-making by citing the examples of all the solidarities existing in different Indian corporations. Also it talks over about the historical and philosophical background for the adoption of different ethical strategies by different corporations. Weaknesses The article explains the process of ethical decision-making in business from a ‘Douglasian Cultural Theory’ perspective only. The article does not identify many other factors beyond culture that may account for differences in work behaviour across nations. Scholars like Parboteeah and Cullen (2003) have suggested the need to include noncultural factors to isolate the influence of culture on ethical behaviour. Also many scholars have talked about the other personal characteristics like education, age, gender and religion that affect the ethical decision-making but they have not put any light on this part in the article. According to Kracher, Chatterjee and Lundquist, education plays an important and positive role in one’s ethical decision-making. Also Singhapakdi et al.: JBE (1996) talk about the relationship between ethical sensitivity and age being significantly positive. Ameen, et al., (1996) suggests that ethical judgments vary according to gender, where females have historically been more ethical compared to males. According to Singhapakdi et al :JBE (2000), there is a positive relationship between religion and perception of an ethical problem. The article has not mentioned all these perspectives while considering the process of ethical decision-making. Patel and Schaefer explained the ethical behaviour in Indian business context with the help of CT and argue that as CT is not limited in its scope of application, what is true for one country should also be true for other countries. This contradicts the findings of the researchers like Tsui which states â€Å"The major contexts that may separate one nation from another include the physical, historical, political, economic, social, and cultural.† This may cause an individual from another country to behave differently in the same context compare to individual in India. My standpoint The research article applies CT model to explain the ethical decision-making process in business within Indian context which allows us to look beyond static and limited conception of national culture. The authors have explained the ethical behaviours using examples of different Indian business entities. Since India is one of the largest growing economies, this research paper will be useful in providing the insights of the ethical practices in India. In my opinion, the authors have raised valid questions about the studies that link static conceptions of the culture to the business ethics. The authors have successfully associated dynamicity in ethical behaviours with the different cultural patterns as per CT which proves the existence of all the four solidarities in every social system. Paper also gives us insights about how all the solidarities co-exist and try to dominate each other. The Authors explain it in an Indian context citing examples for each solidarity. Moreover, authors have highlighted the important fact that managers operating under different cultural patterns may perceive and attend to information about moral issues differently which results in different ethical behaviours. The article considered the very important factors of history and politics that may have influenced while discussing dynamicity of ethical behaviours within Indian context. I am of the opinion that the Douglasian cultural theory is not sufficient to judge the ethical behaviour in business. There are many other factors like education, age, gender and religion which hold a significant role in the decision-making process. The authors have failed to consider these factors. I believe the consideration of the above mentioned factors would have made this research work more reliable. Also I disagree with the authors’ argument of what is true for India should also be true for other countries since every country has a different political, economical, cultural and physical background. Conclusion Taran Patel and Anja Schaefer have criticized the static and limited conception of culture to ethical decision-making in business. They have provided the alternative approach of Douglasian cultural theory to explain the dynamicity and diversity in ethical behaviours with the help of examples from business entities in India. The Authors advocate that the managers should be sensitive to the beliefs of all the four solidarities to be more effective. The Authors also agree that more empirical and theoretical work is needed to strengthen the relationship between the cultural patterns and business ethics. References Bartels, R.: 1967, ‘A Model for Ethics in Marketing’, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 31, No. 1 (Jan., 1967), pp. 20-26 Vitell S, Nwachukwu S and Barnes J. : 1993, ‘The Effects of Culture on Ethical Decision-Making: An Application of Hofstede’s Typology’, Journal of Business Ethics,Vol. 12, No. 10 (Oct., 1993), pp. 753-760 Hofstede, G. 1980. (Revised in 1984). Culture’s Consequences – International Differences in Work-related Values. Sage Publications. Singh, J. 1990. Managing Culture and Work-related Values in India. Organization Studies, 11(1): 75-101 Bosland, N. 1985a.An evaluation of Replication Studies using the Values Survey Module.Institute for Research on Intercultural Cooperation, Rijks-universiteit Limburg Working Paper 85-2, Maastricht Sathe, V. (1985), Culture and Related Corporate Realities, Irwin, Homewood, IL. Thompson, M.: 1997a, ‘Rewriting the Precepts of PolicyAnalysis’, in M. Thompson and R. J. Ellis (eds.),Culture Matters: Essays in Honour of Aaron Wildavsky(Westview Press, Boulder, CO). Thompson, M.: 1997b, ‘Cultural Theory and TechnologyAssessment’, in F. Fischer and M. Hajer (eds.),Living with Nature: Environmental Discourse and Cultural Politics (Oxford University Press, Oxford). Thompson, M.: 1997c, ‘Cultural Theory and IntegratedAssessment’,Environmental Modelling and Assessment 2,139–150. Kracher, B., A. Chatterjee and A. R. Lundquist: 2002, ‘Factors Related to the Cognitive Moral Development of Business Students and Business Professionals in India and the United States: Nationality, Education, Sex and Gender’, Journal of Business Ethics 35(4), 255–268 Parboteeah, K. P., & Cullen, J. B. 2003. Social institutions and work centrality: Explorations beyond national culture. Organization Science, 14(2): 137-148. Patel, T.: 2005, Using Dynamic Cultural Theories to explain the Viability of International Strategic Alliances: A Focus on Indo-French Alliances. PhD Thesis, Open University. Milton Keynes, UK. Singhapakdi, A., S. J. Vitell and K. L Kraft: 1996, ‘Moral Intensity and Ethical Decision-Making of Marketing Professionals’, Journal of Business Research 36, 245–255. Ameen, E., Guffey, D. and J. McMillan. 1996. Gender Differences in Determining the Ethical Sensitivity of Future Accounting Professionals. Journal of Business Ethics 15: 591-597. Singhapakdi, Anusorn, Janet K. Marta, Kumar C. Rallapalli, and C.P. Rao (2000), â€Å"Toward an Understanding of Religiousness and Marketing Ethics: An Empirical Study,† Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 27, No. 4, 305-319.

The Spanish Civil War - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1838 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Civil War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? Tratando De Cambiar El Mundo: The Theater of the Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War is burned into Spains collective memory perhaps their greatest scar, and it has created a permanent effect on their languages, art, literature, and theater. The theater in Spain at the time was used as a vehicle for change, and the contemporary theater that depicts it shows that just as it was used for change then, it is used to encourage change and healing today. In the 1930s, Spain was a country in turmoil. Unrest between the divided elite and working classes and the devastation that the Great Depression wreaked on Spains existing economic problems meant that the people were desperate for change. In 1936, Spains socialist party won a narrow victory against the nationalist party, and they immediately put their plans for reform into effect. They sought to secularize the government, create labor unions, and enact other reforms that threatened the wealthy elite that had been in power for so long. The widespread violence that resulted from the nationalists attempt to seize power back from the republicans is now known as the Spanish Civil War. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Spanish Civil War" essay for you Create order Much of the war was fought not with weapons, but with propaganda. Both the republicans, also known as the Popular Front, and the nationalists used education and the arts in their cultural crusades in order to justify their respective ideologies. A key weapon in this fight to win over the populace was theater. Seeing its importance and efficacy in conveying messages to the people, both sides went as far as to establish official organizations to create and circulate their brand of cultural instruction (Parker 215). On the left, the Alianza de Intelectuales Antifacistas (alliance of antifascist intellectuals) created several groups: Nueva Escena, Teatro de Arte, y Propaganda, and Guerrillas Teatrales. On the right, the nationalists had the Junta Nacional de Teatros y Conciertos (national committee of theatres and concerts). Both sides wrote essays explaining the roles of the theater in their respective ideologies, and while the right thought restoring Spanish theater to the days of autos sacramentales and mystery plays would best serve their mission, the left wanted to purge the bourgeois plays thathad dominated Spanish stages, and instead return the stage to the masses with avant garde political plays (Parker 215). Reaching into the theatrical roots of Spain has propagandistic power, and both the left and right sought to claim cultural images to prove their dominance as the true essence of Spain (Parker 216). Nationalist playwright Gimenez Caballero likened the goals of theatre to a bullfight:a series of symbols that inherently lead the spectator to the absolute truth of the divine (Parker 219). Incredibly, the companies of both sides performed several of the same Golden Age plays in order to convey their discordant messages. Lope de Vegas Fuenteovejuna and Calderons La Vida es Sueo, were performed by both the republicans and nationalists during the Spanish Civil War. Both plays were deemed to be accessible constants in Spanish culture that could be bent to serve their respective ideological agendas. Lope de Vega became an especially strong symbol for the cultural legitimacy of the nationalist party. Strangely enough, however, both sides also found use in the old religious autos sacramentales a nd performed them often. The right used them to combine their ideologies with the universal truth of Catholicism in an attempt to make the two inextricable in the minds of the audience, while the left favored them for their didactic potential (Parker). However, the republicans were still able to extort the religious imagery that did not fit in with their ideology. Delgado writes, the deity becomes, rather than the Christian God, an amalgam of various totemic conepts which teatro de urgencia represents in solemn, semi-mystical terms: People, Land, Spain, the Workers Republic, and, as might be expected in a country which practices Mariolatry, Mother. The military training of the republicans largely relied on improvised propagandist plays. The propagandist theater they used to teach and rally support for their cause was called teatro de urgencia (theater of urgency), and the fervor that went behind its creation is evident in the name. Teatro de urgencia was performed on the front lines and nearby towns, and was created with three goals in mind: to instill confidence in the people of the republic, to reinvigorate the faith of the soldiers, and to teach recruits appropriate behavior. In every play of teatro de urgencia, the audience is meant to relate to the central character of each: the soldier, or milicano (Delgado 51). Delgado writes, In his doubts and fea rs, strength and hope, a collective Everyman figure emerges from the corpus of the texts, and, just as his medieval counterpart [in autos sacramentales] undertook a journey towards the heaven of unification with God, so too can the miliciano be seen in teatro de urgencia at various stages of a journey toward an afterlife which is victory (51). The journey Delgado refers to is framed by the republican ideology, and is meant to symbolize the devotion to their cause that they want the audience to strive for. The tactic was specific, pointed, and effective. One example is Max Aubs Pedro Lopez Garcia. In the play, the titular character is convinced that he can remain neutral in the war, and that it wont affect his life. This changes when he is forcibly enlisted in the nationalist army. In the trenches, he is visited by Death, who shows him visions of a nationalist soldier killing his mother and their animals, and destroying their land. He is too frightened to desert, but when La Tierra appears to him with his mother in its skirts, he gathers the courage to return to your brothers trench (McCarthy 55). Pedro Lopez Garcia both demonizes the enemy and glorifies the journey back to the side of the republic. McCarthy writes, for the republican propagandists, therefore, it is as if, having won Pedro Lopez Garcia from the loyalist trenches, their subsequent mission is to translate his faith into deeds, when, reappearing as milicanos in subsequent teatro de urgencia, he continues on a journey in which spiritual conviction is emphasized more than spiritual comfort (55). Pedro Lopez Garcia, and many other plays of teatro de urgencia resemble a sheep being herded back to God, and the symbolism is no coincidence. Religious symbolism and references are abundant in teatro de urgencia in order to convince the audience that the path of the republicans is a righteous one. Despite the years since its end, the scars of the Spanish Civil War are still felt in Spain today. Carlota Leret, whose father was executed during the conflict, says, This is not a historical event that is buried in the past, but something that is very fresh in the memory of Spaniards (New York Times). The truth in this is evident. Playwrights still write about the impact of the Spanish Civil War on their people, and on the world, . One example is Ay Carmela! written by Joso Sanchis Sinisterra in 1986 to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the war. The set is sparse, and the play takes place in an unspecified region of Spain. This ambiguity is intended to help let all memories of the war come forth to exist and be addressed in the space. The play follows performers Carmela (who is dead in the beginning of the play) and Paulino who accidentally cross from republican territory into nationalist territory. They are apprehended and are forced to perform for the nationalist forces despite witnessing an execution and other horrors at their hands. Of the play, researcher Helena Buffery writes, Radically open in structure, through its mimicry of the cyclic, repetitive patterns of trauma and melancholia, the play closes with a short epilogue in which the culture of forgetting accepted by Paulino in order to survive under Francoism is set against the culture of remembering the past, championed by Carmela, in a world of the dead which, though increasingly distant from the world of the living, seems to become the only place where resistance is possible (865). The cyclical pattern of Ay Carmela! echoes the futility and trauma of the Spanish Civil War and how the fallout has lasted, even though the first shots of the conflict had been fired fifty years prior. In more recent history, Laila Rip olls plays have shed light on the effects of the war on those that were not directly involved. In her 2005 play, Los Nigos Perdidos, Laila Ripoll exposes the atrocities and abuses that the children of Republican families underwent in religious orphanages and social assistance hostels after the end of the war. The protagonist is Tuso, a grown man with special needs, who remembers his childhood after experiencing a hallucination. He then relives these memories as a child in a religious orphanage, where one child was thrown from a window by a nun, and others were starved or beaten to death. Raquel Garcia-Pascual writes, These events are remembered by means of ghostly evocations, which in the play communicate their fear faced with the apparition of death symbolically and physically knocking at their door, personified in the figure of the Sister, in several prolepses of the ending (449). The play is shown through the lens of a child, and features puppets, masks, and childrens language. The play also depicts the transport of children on livestock trains without food or water. Those who did not die were repatriated without permission to homes around Europe and South America. A new surname gave these children an identity, but most were silenced and forgotten (Garcia-Pascual). Los Nigos Perdidos finally gives these forgotten children a voice. It lays bare the abuses and confinement they experienced, and leaves them in the audiences memory. At the end of the play, Tuso says, Decidieron no dar parte para no montar un escendalo. Total, ya erais nigos perdidos. Al fin y al cabo, los nigos de aque no existen. Son como fantasmas y nadie va a reclamar por ellos. They decided not to give you a part to avoid a scandal. You are forgotten children. In the end, the children of this place dont exist. They are like ghosts, and no one is going to claim them (Ripoll 310). Ripoll uses th eir story to condemn the history and suffering that is silenced, and to resurrect their memory. The Spanish Civil War was a bloody, turbulent time in Spains history, and the repercussion still echo throughout the country. It is written into the memory of its people through art, literature, and especially theater. The propagandistic theater of the Spanish Civil War was used as a vehicle for political change in the 1930s, but the contemporary theater that sheds light on the war and its devastating effects on its people is used to enlighten audiences today, and help them work through the past. Works Cited https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324398874_Francoist_repression_and_moral_reparation_in_the_theatre_of_Laila_Ripoll Anderson, Tim. Chapter One: Prelude to War. Spanish Civil War, Great Neck Publishing, 2009, p. 1. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/23/world/europe/23wargames.html